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基于matlab的变压器运行特性仿真分析
摘 要
变压器是电力系统中不可缺少的重要电气元件，变压器的运行特性也影响着电力系统的性能和正常运行，因此，要对变压器的运行特性进行分析，尤其是变压器的暂态运行特性，因为在暂态的过度过程中可能会出现较大的过电压或过电流，可能会损坏变压器。
随着科学技术的发展，仿真技术也得到了很大程度的发展，不再仅仅局限于传统的物理仿真，而是更加方便简洁也更加精确的计算机仿真。
本文先是对变压器的稳态和暂态运行特性进行分析，然后运用matlab软件，通过编写matlab程序实现对变压器暂态运行特性的仿真分析，主要包括变压器空载合闸到电源和变压器突发短路这两种情况，对于变压器空载合闸到电源这种情况又通过区分铁心是否饱和，分别用解析法和四阶龙格库塔算法进行仿真，保证了结果的准确可靠。而对于磁化曲线，则采用插值法实现对不饱和区磁化曲线的拟合，饱和区的磁化曲线采用直线代替。并对仿真得到的结果结合理论知识进行了简单的分析，找到了在变压器的过渡过程中对变压器最不利的情况，并且也和理论相对比，验证了所采用仿真方法的正确性和可行性。
关键词：变压器，暂态运行特性，空载合闸，突发短路，matlab仿真
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BASED ON THE MATLAB SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMER RUNNING CHARACTERISTICS
ABSTRACT
Transformer is an important and indispensable electrical components in the power system, the operation of the transformer also affects the normal operation of power system, therefore, we should analyze the running characteristics of the
transformer,
especially
the
transient
state
characteristic of the transformer, because that during the transient process may appear larger over-voltage or over-current, which might cause something wrong to the transformer.
With the development of science and technology, the simulation technology has been developed greatly, and it has been no longer limited to the traditional physical simulation, but a more convenient and concise computer simulation which is more accurate.
This article first to the transformer of a theoretical
analysis of steady state and transient operation
characteristics, and then use matlab software, by writing the matlab program to realize the simulation analysis, the characteristics of the transformer transient operation including transformer no-load closing to the power supply and the sudden short circuit of the transformer in both cases, the transformer no-load closing to this kind of situation and power supply by distinguish whether iron core saturation, respectively, using analytic method and the fourth order runge kutta algorithm simulation, ensure the accurate and reliable
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results. For the magnetization curve, the interpolation method was adopted to realize the unsaturated zone of magnetization curve fitting, the saturated area USES the straight line instead of the magnetization curve. And the simulation results are combined with theoretical knowledge has carried on the simple analysis, found in the process of the transition of the transformer of transformer is the most unfavorable situation, and also compared, and the theory simulation method used to verify the correctness and feasibility.
KEY WORDS: transformer, the transient state characteristic, no-load closing, sudden short circuit, the matlab simulation
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