名词动词形容词变化规则

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1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”:

a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和 元音后读[z]。

b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。 c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:[z]。 d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。 e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况

1)有生命的+es 读音:[z]如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2) 无生命的+s 读音:[z]如:photo-photos radio-radios

f. 不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,

snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,

people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 1、写出下列各词的复数。

I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ leaf_______ people________

人称 代词 物主 代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 I me my mine you you your yours 单数 he him his his she her her hers it it its its we 复数 you you your yours they them their theirs us our ours I(宾格)_______ she(形容词性物主代词)_______ we(名词性物主代词)_______ he(复数)_______ us(单数)_______ theirs(主格)_______ its(宾格)_______ 2、想一想,把下表补充完整。 人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称

2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下:

(1)一般直接+er。如:tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词如果以-e结尾,只加-r。如:late - later

(2)重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写这个字母,再加-er。如:big - bigger, fat - fatter (3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er。如:heavy - heavier, early - earlier (4)双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如:beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting

(5)有些不规则变化的,须逐一加以记忆。如:good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder…

练一练:

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you he 单数 主格 宾格 me her it them 主格 you 复数 宾格 us 单数 形容词性 名词性 his its their 物主代词 复数 形容词性 our 名词性 .

1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。

big good long tall old short thin heavy young fat light strong high far low early late well fast slow

(1)动词第三人称单数变化规则:

A、一般直接加“s”,如:play – plays, visit – visits, speak – speaks ;

B、以“s”,“x”,“sh”,“ch”结尾时,加“es”,如:catch – catches, watch – watches ; C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时,变“y”为“i”再加“es”,如:carry – carries, study – studies 。 (2)现在分词(动名词)构成规则:

A、一般直接加“ing”,如:go – going, do – doing, look – looking ;

B、以不发音的“e”结尾的单词,去“e” 加“ing”,如:take – taking, make – making, have – having ; C、以重读闭音节结尾的词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,需要双写这个字母再加“ing”,如:

put – putting, stop – stopping, run – running, get – getting, swim – swimming, sit – sitting, begin – beginning, jog – jogging, forget – forgetting 。 (3)过去式构成规则:

A、一般直接加“ed”,如:plant – planted, visit – visited, pick – picked ;

B、以不发音字母“e”结尾,直接加“ed”,如:like – liked, hope – hoped, taste – tasted ;

C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时,变“y”为“i”再加“ed”,如:try – tried, carry – carried, study – studied ; D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母,再加“ed”,如:stop – stopped ;

1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。

drink __________go ____________stay __________make __________look __________have _________ pass __________carry __________come ___________watch __________plant _________fly ________ study ________brush _________do ___________teach____________ take__________ see__________

2、写出下列动词的现在分词。

put __________give __________fly _________get ________dance ________sit_________ run ________ plant _________take ___________swim _________ask ___________stop __________take _________ write __________have __________smoke _________ think__________ want__________ tell__________

3、写出下列动词的过去式。

is\\am _________fly _______plant ________are ________drink _________play _______go ________ make ________does _________dance ________worry ___________ask ________taste _________ eat __________draw ________put ______throw ________kick _________pass _______do ________

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