九年级英语Unit12《Life is full of the unexpected.》知识点 本单元语法：过去完成时。
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间点以前即―过去的过去‖已经发生的动作。 Mr. Black told me that he had seen the movie three times.
⑴ 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是―过去的过去‖。 ⑵ 过去完成时的结构是：肯定由―助动词had(用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词‖构成 否定式：had not + 过去分词 缩写形式：hadn’t ⑶ 过去完成时的时间状语：
① 表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语。 by the time by the end of
We had finished our homework before 10 o’clock. ② 可能通过when, before等引导的从句表示。 When I got there, the train had left. ③ 过去某一时间通过上下文来表示。
Kate hadn’t studied hard, so she didn’t pass the exam yesterday. 1. unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的
expect v. expect/wish sb. to do sth.期盼某人做某事 the unexpected ―意外的事情‖―出乎意料的事‖。
the ＋adj.表示一类人或事物。the homeless (无家可归者) the disabled(残疾人) the wounded(战争中受伤的人) the injured(事故中受伤的人) 2.by the time+时间状语从句
（1）时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时时（表示将来），主句用将来完成时； （2）时间状语从句是一般过去式时，主句用过去完成时。 by the end of +时间点
（1）+过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时； （2）+将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时； by+时间点
（1）+现在的时间点，主句用现在完成时； （2）+过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时； （3）+将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时。
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.
By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for Beijing. By the end of last year, I had stayed in Xinzheng for seven years. By now, I have finished all my homework. 3.oversleep =sleep late v 睡过头
sleep → slept → slept oversleep—overslept—overslept –What happened ? — I _____.
A. oversleep B. oversleeped C. overslept
4. give sb. a lift =give sb. a ride / give a ride to sb. ―捎某人一程‖，
The poor old woman was standing in the middle of the road and asked someone to ___. A. give him a ride B. give her a ride C. enjoy a ride D. accept a ride 5.leave 与forget的用法:
(1) leave ― 遗留，落下，忘记带‖，侧重指把某物或某人留在某个地方，后常跟地点状语；(2)forget ― 忘记‖，侧重指忘记某件事情，后常跟to do (忘了要去做)或doing (忘了做过)。do remember doing
?leave → left → left v 离开
(1)leave sth +地点 把某物遗忘在某地 (2)leave for +地点(目的地) 离开去某地
(3) leave a message 留言 ask for leave 请假leave school (中学) 毕业
remember to
(4)leave one by oneself=leave sb. alone 把某人单独留下 6.when的特殊用法―这时，突然‖，用于四种结构 1)be doing sth...when
I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. 2)be on the point of doing sth...when
She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang
3)be about to do sth...when We were about to start when it began to rain. 4).sb. had hardly/scarcely/barely done sth... when We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang.
另：be about to 忙于；即将做某事。侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与when引导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语连用。
7.be full of = be filled with充满，装满 fill…with..
The basket is full of apples. = The basket is filled with apples. 8.get/go/come/be back to school=return to school意为―回到学校‖ 1)get back to 后接表地点的名词，意为―回到某地‖;
2)get back to 后面接人,可引申为―回复某人的信件，电子邮件，电话‖等 ； 3)get back 还可表示― 回来，返回，拿回，取回‖等含义。 4)give back=return归还
9.My alarm clock didn’t go off!
go off 发出响声, (闹钟)闹响 The alarm went off just now.
go over 复习 go away 离开 go by (时间)过去 go for a walk 出去散步 go on 继续 go + doing 去做某事 go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳 10.rush out 冲出去，冲出…… wait in line with 意为―与……排队等候‖stand in line 站成一排cut in line 插队 stare at 凝视 in disbelief 不相信 turn/change into 变land on 意为―着陆；降落于‖be late for迟到keep doing sth 一直做......wake up 醒来wake-woke-woken
11.even if / even though/ though/although 都可以引导让步状语从句。
Even if =even though―即使、纵然‖引出的从句叙述的是假设或把握很大的事情 though―虽然‖，引出的从句叙述的是事实。 I will try even if I may fail.
Though it was very late, he went on working. [注] though 和but 不能同时出现在句中。 12.above
1)prep（表示位置）在…正上方；（与 below相对） The moon is now above the trees.
2)prep表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面―超过‖ He is above me in every way. 3) adv. ―在上面; 在上文‖。
See the examples given above.
2000 meters above the sea level 海拔2000米 13.alive, living, live与lively lively
1）live ―活着的‖，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指―实况转播的‖。例如： a live fish 一条活鱼。
Do you like a live show or a recorded show ?
2）living意为―活着‖强调说明―尚在人间‖，―健在‖，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：.My first teacher is still living . English is a living language .
A living language should be learned through listening and speaking . He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present . 注意：living 前加上 the , 表示类别，指―活着的人们‖。例如：
The living must finish the work of those dead .
living 还可用于短语，例如：make a living by doing谋生。
3）alive 意为―活着‖，侧重说明生与死之间的界限(本来会死但没有死)，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。例如：
He is dead , but his dog is still alive . He wanted to keep the fish alive. This is a fish alive.
4）lively 则意为―活泼的‖，―活跃‖，―充满生气的‖，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。例如： Jenny is a lively girl . Everything is lively here . 这儿一切都生机勃勃。 He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting . live 物 定语 现场的
living 人/物 定语、表语 Make a living/the living alive 人/物 后置定语、表语、宾补 生与死的界限
lively 人/物 定语、表语、宾补 生气勃勃的,无活着的意思
1). Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest writer. He is still . A. living; alive B. living; living C. alive; living D. alive; lively 2).—Is his grandmother still ?—Yes, she is 102 years old! A. live B. living C. alive D. Lively
14.take off 在此句中意为―起飞‖，off 在此为副词表示―离开；走开‖。 take off 也有―脱下‖之意，此时 off 为介词，后可直接跟宾语。 Take off your coat. It's hot outside.脱下你的外套，外面炎热。 15. The other planes were full so I had to wait till the next day. till 意为―到，直到‖，相当于until.
⑴用于肯定句时, 主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为―直到……为止‖。
She watched TV till her mother came back
⑵ 用于否定句时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，也可以是延续性的，它所表示的动作直到till或until所表示的时间才发生，意为―直到…（才）‖。
She didn’t watch TV till her mother came back.
16.on April Fool’s Day 愚人节 make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人
17.embarrass v 使尴尬→embarrassed adj. 尴尬的(用来修饰人)→embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的（修饰物）
18.invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地 Thanks for your invitation= Thanks for asking/inviting me.
19.show up 出席 on show =on display 展览 show off 炫耀 show sb. around 带某人参观show sb. sth=show sth to sb 向某人展示某物
20.play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人play jokes on sb.对某人开玩笑 laugh at 嘲笑make fun of 取笑 It's impolite to laugh at, stare at or play _____on disabled people A. fun B. jokes C. tricks D. parts
21. Many people ran to their local supermarkets to buy as much spaghetti as they could. as +adj./adv.+ as sb. can / could = as + adj./adv.+ as possible. 尽可能的
We must do everything as possible. = We must do everything as well as we can. 22.sell out 卖光 （用物作主语时，常用于被动语态 be sold out） give out 分发=hand out 分发 work out解答出 （人） run out of 用完 （物） run out用完 go out 出去 find out 查明 look out=be careful=take care 当心 take out 拿出 put out 熄灭 cut out删除
23.find out, look for 与 find
(1)find out 强调经过调查、询问、研究等曲折过程后才能找出。如： Please find out when the train leaves. (2)look for 意为―寻找‖，强调寻找的过程。