专题05 动词的时态和语态
2018年高考题
1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around? —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago等。
2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 【答案】B
点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。
3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
点睛：现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响，也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是
延续性的。常见的时间状语有：since + 时间点/从句，for two months，so far，recently，in the past/last few days等。
4.【2018·北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 【答案】D
点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。
5.【2018·天津】13. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
点睛：本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道，4个选项都用了被动语态，本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项A是过去时；选项B是一般现在时的被动；选项C是现在进行时；选项D是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析，最终判断出最佳答案。
6.【2018·江苏】31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then. A. have developed B. had developed C. will have developed D. developed 【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有
没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语in 2025和by then，从而得出答案。 7.【2018·江苏】30.
I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.
A. had been carried out B. would be carried out C. is being carried out D. has been carried out 【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语last month和in the past two years，从而得出答案。
2017年高考题
【2017·天津卷】8. I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove 【答案】A
考点：考查动词时态。
：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did ... 这时【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。
一个常用固定句型，是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一，词句型还有另外两种结构：was / were about to do + when did ; had done + when + did 。 在这三个句型中，when引导的并列句，意为：就在这时（那时）突然....。
【2017·江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______. A. was being followed B. was following 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在
C. had been followed D. followed