Paraphrase& Translation
Lesson 1
1. Conversation is not for making a point.
Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.
2. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.
The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rules. 3. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.
The phrase, the King’s English, has always been used disparagingly and joking by the lower classes. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people. 4. ...that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus.
Then suddenly a magical transformation took place and there was a focal subject to talk about.
1. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken.”
每当上流社会想给“规范英语”指定一些条条框框时，总会遭到来自下层人名的抵制。
2. Words are not themselves a reality, but only representations of it, and the King’s English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality.
词语本身并不是现实，它不过是用以表达现实的一种形式而已。标准英语就像诺曼人的盎格鲁式法语一样，也是一种对现实的阶级表达。
3. Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid down as an edict, and made immune to change from below.
让人们学着去讲规范英语也许不错，但不应当把它作为一条必须执行的法令，也不应当使它完全拒绝来自下层的改变。
4. There is no worse conversationalist than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were writing, or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print.
要是有谁闲聊时像写文章那样标点分明，或者像写一篇要发表的散文一样咬文嚼字的话，那他一定是个最糟糕的聊天者。 Lesson 3
1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint bold under takings.
2. ...our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace...
The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the tools to wage war have far surpassed and exceeded the tools to keep peace.
3. ...to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.
We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the areas in which its authority and mandate could continue to be in effect or in force. 4. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness...
Let us start over again; we must bear in mind that being polite does not mean one is weak.
5. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.
Let both sides try to use science to produce good and beneficial things for man instead of employing it to bring frightful destruction. 6. ...each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.
Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country’s cause).
1. We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.
今天我们庆祝的不是政党的胜利，而是自由的胜利，这胜利象征着一个结束，也象征着一个开端，意味着延续，也意味着变革。 2. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us as well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet ay hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
让每个国家都知道——不论它盼望我们繁荣还是希望我们衰落——为确保自由的存在和自由的胜利，我们将付出任何代价，承受任何负担，应付任何艰难，支持任何朋友，反抗任何敌人。 3. We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.
我们不敢从怯弱来引诱他们，只有当我们毫无疑问地拥有足够的军备威慑敌人时，我们才能确保这些军备永远不会被使用。 4. In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.
公民们，我们事业的最终成败与其说掌握在我手中，不如说掌握在你们手中。
5. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.
问心无愧是我们唯一可靠的奖赏，历史是我们行动的最终裁判，让我们走向前去，引导我们所热爱的国家。我们祈求上帝的福佑和帮助，但我们知道，上帝在尘世的工作必须由我们自己努力去完成。 Lesson 5
1. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure...
The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.
2. ...they had outgrown towns and families...
These young people could no longer adapt to lives in their home towns or their families.
3. Something in the tension-ridden youth if American had to “give”... (Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.
4. Each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality...