B8-U1 词汇学习
1. distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著
①There is a fine distinction between the two words. ②We should make a distinction between right and wrong. ③Employers should hire men and women without distinction. ④Michael graduated with distinction from Hami senior high school. distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的 be distinct in ...from ... 在某方面与……不同 ⑤Shakespeare在写作风格上与鲁迅截然不同
2. live on 继续活着,继续存在； 住在…上； 以…为食
1. She lived on for many years after her husband died. 2. These traditions will live on for centuries. 3. The people find it hard to live on. 民不聊生. [短语归纳] live短语：
live on sth 以某物为食,靠某种经济来源生活 live by doing sth 靠做某事物为生 live a... life 过着……的生活
3. means n．手段；方法 (单复数同形)
①Every possible means has been tried，but none worked. ＝All possible means have been tried，but none worked. 各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。 by this means by every means by means of by no means by all means by any mean (1)by means of 借用，依靠
We express our feelings by means of words. (2)by no means＝not at all一点……也不
By no means am I satisfied with my present job. (3)by this means通过这种方式
You can do it by this means. (4)by all means 可以，当然行，务必
—May I use your bicycle? —By all means！ 练习：
1．But by no means _____ with my progress.（老师绝不会对我的进步满意）
2．The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house ________ a ladder.
3．She couldn’t speak，but made her wishes known ________ sign. 4. —Do you think we should put an ad in the paper for the lost child? —Yes，________.
4. in additionadv. 另外； 除此之外； 并且； 况且 ①位于两个句子中间，放在从句的句首，后面接完整的句子。许多词可以和它替换，如：
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additionally，furthermore，besides。 ② In addition位于句末，相当于 “as well”
（1）You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence. （2）Mary gave us sandwiches for our picnic and a bag of cookies in addition. 玛丽为我们去郊游准备了三明治，另外还准备了一袋曲奇。
In addition to整个词组相当于一个介词，所以to的后面要接名词性成分做宾语。 In addition to native plants, this garden contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas. 除了当地的植物之外，这座花园还有无数来自海外的花草树木。 In addition to the killed and wounded, many were missing. 除了伤亡之外，还有许多人失踪。
5. majority n．大多数；大半 (反义词minority少数；少数民族) major adj.&n. 较大的，主要的；主修，专攻 be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数
A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health. The majority of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they get. (1)单独用做主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。
The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking.大多数人支持禁烟。 The majority were/was against the plan.大多数人反对这个计划。
(2)单独用做主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。
The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students. The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
6. keep up坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉 短语归纳] keep短语：
keep up with sb/sth. keep sth from sb keep (on) doing sth. keep off (sb/sth) keep away from keep sb/sth out (of sth) keep sb back from sb/sth keep in touch with keep sth. back keep fit keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth
7. make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 come to life bring...back to life
make/start a new life live/lead a．..life come back to life make a living by ①Some people from the country find it hard to in big cities. 一些来自农村的人发现很难习惯大城市的生活。 ②They moved out West to there.他们迁往西部去开始新生活。 ③And anyway he was dead. Nobody could him . 总之，他已经死了。没有人能使他复活。 ④The old couple selling vegetables.这对老夫妇靠卖菜维持生活。
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8.despite prep.尽管；不管 n.憎恨；轻视
①Despite old age, she is still learning to drive. 尽管年事已高,她还在学开车。
②Despite all our efforts we still lost the game. 尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。 Despite用作介词时，与 in spite of同义，都表示“尽管”、“虽然”、“不顾”之意，但程度有所不同。一般说来，in spite of的语气较强，使用范围也较广； despite的语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。
Despite 与(al)though都有“尽管”的意思，despite是介词，后接名词或代词；而although=though是连词，后接表示让步的状语从句。例如：
①I think he is sad, despite his smiles.
②We went for a walk although/though it was raining. ③Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning.
9. occur vi. A. 存在 B. 发生 C. 被想到
(1)Earthquakes occur frequently in this area. (2)It didn't occur to him that she would refuse his invitation. (3)Do giraffes occur in Africa only? sth. occurs to sb. 某人想起某事 It occurs to sb. that… 某人想起…… It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事 表示“某人突然想起……”的其他句型：
sth. strikes sb. It strikes sb. that… It crosses sb.'s mind that… sth. comes to sb.… ①It suddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter.
②An accident did, however, _______ at the street corner last night.
10 indicatevt. 指出, 指明，表明；象征；指示, 显示, 暗示，预示；
1. I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 2. The clouds indicate the coming of rain. 3. His hesitation indicates unwillingness. indication n. 指出/示；表明/示；迹象 indicative adj.指示的；暗示的
indicate sth. (to sb.)向（某人）表示某事；把……指给（某人）看 indicate that ...表示……；示意……
11 apparent adj. A. 显然的 B. 表面上的apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地 同义词：obvious
(1)The apparent truth was really a lie. (2)It is apparent that iron is different from steel.
(3)It is apparent (显然的) from scientific studies that the drug produces severe side effects. It is apparent that… 显然
It is apparent from sth that…从某事物上明显看出… It is apparent to sb that… 某人明白….
12. mark out 划线; 标出……界线
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1. Please mark out the mistakes I made in my composition.
2. Please mark out the sentences that you don’ t understand with a red pen. mark sb. out for sth. 选出/选定某人做某事 mark in 加画；绘入 mark down 写下，记下；降低……的价格 mark out for 看中；选定 mark up 标出；提高……的价格
13. take in
(1) This is the total cost of the holiday，taking everything in. (2) She was homeless so we took her in.
(3) She took me in completely with her story. (4) Take in a deep breath. (5) I hope you’re taking in what I’m saying.
14. a great/good many许多；很多(修饰可数名词)
①我认识她好多年了。 ②那些花多数是白色的。
a good/great many后接复数名词，但a good/great many后接of时，必须加限定词，如these/those/the/one’s等，然后再加名词复数。
A great many of us don’t like speaking English in class. 我们当中许多人不喜欢在课堂上讲英语。
15. apply for申请，请求
1. apply for... 申请…… apply to…for… 向….申请… ①她应聘英语教师的工作。
②We had to apply to the government for financial help. 2. apply to... 适用（合）…… apply…to… 把…运用到…
③What you said doesn’t apply to me. 3.apply oneself to (doing) sth.专注于；专心做某事
④他专心学英语。
16. However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.本句式中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。
It is likely that...…是可能的，此句型可转化为：sb./sth.be likely to do...某人/物可能干某事。 ①She’s very likely to ring me tonight.＝It’s likely that she will ring me tonight. ②It is likely/that the weather will be fine.＝The weather is likely to be fine.
17. (1)That’s why...这就是为什么……(why从句表示结果) (2)That’s because...这是因为……(because从句表示原因)
(3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because ） ①Tom came late for the meeting. That was he was ill. ②Tom was ill. That was he came late for the meeting. ③The reason Tom came late for the meeting he was ill. ④Is this the reason ______ she explained in the report for her success in the job? ⑤The reason ____ death was feared was _____ no man could experience it twice.
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