第6节 非谓语动词
Step 典题感悟·高考名题这样考 考查角度1 作主语和作表语的非谓语动词
1．(2019·天津卷)____________(learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
[解析] 考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语。 此处用动名词作主语，故填Learning。
[答案] Learning
2．(2018·北京卷改编)________________(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
[解析] 考查动名词。根据句意：沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。根据句子结构可知，此处用动名词作主语。故填Traveling。
[答案] Traveling
考查角度2 作宾语的非谓语动词
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)How long it would take ________(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
[解析] 考查不定式。句中的 would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
[答案] to get
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____________(die) early by running.
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。短语 reduce one's risk of...“降低某人……的风险”，此处介词of后用动名词作宾语。故填dying。
[答案] dying
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。avoid后常接动名词作宾语，故填looking。 [答案] looking
6．(2018·天津卷改编)I didn't mean ____________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help ____________(try) it.
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。从句意看，第一空所在部分用mean to do sth. 表示“打算做某事”，第二空用couldn't help doing sth.表示“忍不住做某事”，因此第一空填to eat，第二个空填trying。
[答案] to eat; trying
7．(2018·浙江卷)I still remember ____________ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。remember doing sth. 表示“记得做过某事”，故填visiting。 [答案] visiting
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ____________(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
[解析] 考查动词-ing作介词宾语。在介词about，before，after，for，with，by等之后作宾语应该用动词-ing形式，故填eating。
[答案] eating
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, ____________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
[解析] 句意：这包括挖掘道路，铺设轨道，然后在上面搭建一个结实的顶。分析句子结构可知，digging up the road，laying the track和building a strong roof over the top是三个动名词短语作动词included的并列宾语。此处考生容易错误判断为谓语动词而误填laid。
[答案] laying
考查角度3 作补足语的非谓语动词
10．(2019·天津卷)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ____________(design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。 句意：现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设了一门课程，专门帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。a course和design之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故填designed。
[答案] designed
11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____________(stay) and watch.
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，为固定用法。 [答案] to stay
12．(2018·天津卷改编)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ____________(take)．
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。从句意和句子结构看，本空在句中作宾补，动词take与my photograph之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词，因此填taken，构成have sth. done结构。
[答案] taken
13．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required ____________(process) the food that we eat，to
recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
[解析] 分析句子结构可知，此处考查be required to do sth.的固定用法。 [答案] to process
14．(2017·天津卷)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ____________(take) good care of at home.
[解析] 考查过去分词作补足语。句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，李医生很高兴看到他的母亲在家里被照看得很好。空格处与其逻辑主语his mother之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词。
[答案] taken
考查角度4 作定语的非谓语动词
15．(2019·北京卷)Earth Day, ____________(mark) on 22nd April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日即每年的4月22日，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要作名词Earth Day的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
[答案] marked
16．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ____________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为现在分词形式，故空格处填listening。
[答案] listening
17．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while ____________(feed) its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。while feeding its citizens是时间状语从句while it is feeding its citizens的省略结构。又可理解为此处的feed(养活)与主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
[答案] feeding
18．(2018·北京卷改编)Ordinary soap, ____________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句意： 普通肥皂，如果恰当使用，能有效地消除细菌。根