第六周 吸引眼球的定语从句
定语从句的正确使用能够反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。
一、定语从句的类型 1．关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。
①(2018·江苏高考书面表达)As we all know, most of the ratings are based on others judgment on the product or service concerned.
我们大家都知道，大多数排名都是基于别人对于产品或相关服务的评价。
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Paper-cutting is a traditional art form in China, which has a history of more than 1,500 years.剪纸是中国的一门传统的艺术形式，它已有1 500多年的历史了。
③Only those who spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for.只有那些面对困难不遗余力的人才能取得他们渴望的成就。
2．关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。
(2018·北京高考书面表达)Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture.
它的中国文学专业对你来说是适合的，在那儿你可以完全沉浸在中国深厚的历史和丰富的文化中。 3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which ping-pong, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.
另外，随着场馆的建设，很多运动项目就可以开展，其中，乒乓球、足球和跑步比赛广受欢迎。 [即时演练] 用适当的关系词或“介词＋关系词”填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot. 2．(2017·天津高考作文)We thought about those happy moments when we stayed with you. 3．(2016·浙江高考)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.
4．(2016·天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better. 5．Most importantly, living with your friends will improve your team spirit, which will be beneficial to your future career.
二、定语从句的写法
定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”：
[示例]
第一步：写出两个简单句。 ①The foreigner is from Canada. ②He visited our class yesterday.
第二步：在句①中找出一个要修饰的词汇：the foreigner。
第三步：用句②充当定语从句，the foreigner为先行词指人，句②中的代词he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。
The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada. [即时演练] 用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句 1．I've always longed for the days. I will be able to be independent then. →I've_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent. 2．I have a friend. Her father is an engineer. →I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer. 3．This is the best method. It can be used against pollution. →This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution.
4．You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city to attend an international meeting. You live there.
→You_know,_my_uncle_Li_Ming_is_going_to_the_city_where_you_live_to_attend_an_international_meeting. 5．We all like our English teacher. We have learned a lot from her. →We_all_like_our_English_teacher_from_whom_we_have_learned_a_lot.
三、定语从句的常用句型
1．As we all know .../As is known to all ... 众所周知……
As we all know, Chinese knots are very popular with Chinese people. 众所周知，中国结非常受中国人的喜欢。 2．As sb. puts it ... 按照某人所说的……
As he often puts it, university education determines one's future.按照他常说的，大学教育决定一个人的未来。 3．such ... as ... 像……这样的；诸如此类的……
Believe it or not, we have found such materials as are used in that factory. 信不信由你，我们已经找到了像那家厂子里用的材料。 4．the same ... as .../the same as ... 像……一样的
Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same as they had always been. 她对他的方式和态度与他们以前完全一样。 5．one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中的一个
As far as I know, your sister is one of the students who have passed the exam. 据我所知，你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。
6．the only one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中唯一的一个
Mr. Green was the only one of the workers that was invited to Beijing.格林先生是这些工人中唯一一个被邀请去北京的人。
[即时演练] 补全句子
1．(2015·福建高考书面表达)我们大家都知道，这幅画讲述的是古代中国的一个故事。 As_we_all_know,_the picture tells a story of ancient China. 2．她就是这样一个总是乐于助人的女孩。 She is such_a_girl_as is always ready to help others. 3．长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。
The Great Wall is one_of_the_world-famous_buildings_that_attract lots of visitors.
四、定语从句写作时需避免的几种情况 1．误用关系词
误：I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 正：I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China. 误：I have a friend, who's name is Liu Mei. 正：I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei. 2．句子成分残缺
误：There were many students took part in the English competition. 正：There were many students who took part in the English competition. 误：Those who in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands. 正：Those who are in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands. 3．有多余的代词或副词
误：The film I saw it last night was really very good. 正：The film I saw last night was really very good.
误：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood. 正：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood. 4．混淆定语从句与并列句
误：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm to people's health.
正：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which/and it does great harm to people's health. 误：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didn't help.
正：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didn't help. [即时演练] 单句语法填空
1．Those who have work experience can find a job easily. 2．As is often the case, the more haste, the less speed. 3．She has been a teacher for 30 years in the place which/that used to be a poor area. 4．As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is named after his grandfather. [综合演练提能]
Ⅰ.用定语从句补全句子
1．(2018·浙江6月高考写作)我想申请这个职位的原因是我想提高我的英语口语水平，并且帮助外国中学生更好地了解中国文化。
The_reason_why_I_want_to_apply_for_the_position_is_that I want to improve my spoken English and help foreign students have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我们都知道，《一起成长》这部优秀的英文短片看起来很有趣。 As_we_all_know,_the outstanding English short film, Growing Together, is interesting to watch.