A. sense is no more important than emotion
B. sense is as important as emotion to human life C. sense deserves less concern than emotion
D. sense gives people more pleasure than emotion 60. What’s the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. Artists are good at containing emotion in their works. B. Works full of emotion show people the value of life. C. There is a variety of emotions in this world. D. Life can’t be enjoyable without emotion. 61. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Sense and emotion make people wiser B. Sense and emotion help you live in peace C. Sense and emotion—the bases of our life D. Sense and emotion—the reason for happiness
C
One of the popular views regarding teenagers is that they are poor decision makers and engage in risky behavior. This popular view is usually explained in terms of the teenage brain (or mind) being immature and lacking the reasoning abilities of adults. Of course, adults often engage in poor decision-making and risky behavior too.
Currently, one plausible hypothesis (似乎正确的假说) is that teenagers differ from adults in terms of how they evaluate the value of a reward. The main difference is that teenagers place higher value on rewards (at least certain rewards) than adults. If this is correct, it certainly makes sense that teenagers are more willing than adults to engage in risk taking.
Obviously enough, adults also vary in their willingness to take risks and some of this difference is, presumably, a matter of the value the adults place on the rewards relative to the risks. So, for example, if Sam values the enjoyment of rock climbing more than Sally, then Sam will (somewhat) rationally accept more risks in regards to rock climbing than Sally. Assuming that teenagers generally value rewards more than adults do, then the greater risk taking behavior of teens relative to adults makes considerable sense.
It might be wondered why teenagers place more value on rewards than adults. One popular theory is based on the workings of the brain. From this point of view, the sensitivity of the human brain to dopamine and oxytocin peaks during the teenage years. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter (神经介质) that is supposed to trigger (激活) the “reward” mechanisms (过程) of the brain. Oxytocin is another neurotransmitter, one that is also linked with the “reward” mechanisms as well as social activity. Assuming that the teenage brain is more sensitive to these chemicals, then it makes sense that teenagers would place more value on rewards. This is because they do, in fact, get a greater reward than adults. Or, more accurately, they feel more rewarded. This, of course, might be one and the same thing—perhaps the value of a reward is a matter of how rewarded a person feels. This does raise an interesting subject, namely whether the value of a reward is a subjective or objective matter.
Adults are often critical of what they regard as teens’ unwise risk behavior. While my teen years are well behind me, I have looked back on some of my decisions that seemed like good ideas at the time. Yet my adult assessment is that they were not good decisions. However, I have to
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admit that my adult self now judges my kid self rather unfairly. After all, there does seem to be considerable relativity to value and it seems to be mere prejudice (偏见) to say that my current evaluation should be automatically taken as being better than the evaluations of the past.
62. According to the passage, many people think teenagers’ adventurous behavior results from
their______________.
A. growing interest and curiosity B. wish to call people’s attention
C. immaturity and unreasonable thinking
D. strong desire to be accepted by other people
63. As to the difference between teenagers and adults, teenagers___________.
A. use a different system to make evaluations B. place a higher value on risk taking behavior C. are more likely to spend time on rock climbing
D. produce more chemicals related to reward mechanisms 64. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Adults should often evaluate the decisions they made before. B. It’s unfair for people to regard teenagers as poor decision makers.
C. When teenagers make decisions, they should follow their parents’ advice.
D. Adults’ current decisions are better than those they made in their teenage years.
D
When it comes to difficult puzzles, we’re often told to take our time and think the problem through carefully, as any impulsive (凭借冲动的) response we come up with stands a good chance of being wrong. But a new study suggests it might be better to trust your gut (魄力) after all.
Researchers in the US say that “aha!” moments—when all the pieces of a puzzle suddenly fall into place so we can produce the solution to a difficult problem—are real, and that sudden insight (领悟) is actually more reliable than finding an answer through the drawn—out process of methodical thought.
“Conscious (理性的) , analytic thinking can sometimes be rushed or careless, leading to mistakes while solving a problem,” said John Kounios from Drexel University. “ However, insight is unconscious and automatic—it can’t be rushed.”
To test their idea that “aha!” moments could deliver more accurate responses than analytical thinking, Kounios and his team challenged participants to do a range of puzzles. Some were linguistic puzzles, some visual-based (以视觉为基础的), and others combined both.
In the linguistic puzzles, the participants had to perform tasks such as finding the right word given a number of related word clues (线索). In visual puzzles, an image might be scrambled (弄乱), and they’d have to say what they thought the unscrambled image originally showed.
In either case, each experiment consisted of 50 to 180 puzzles, with each puzzle being limited to about 15 seconds. Once participants gave their response, they reported whether they came to the solution through a moment of insight or via a process of analytical thinking.
The findings, reported in Thinking & Reasoning, suggest that insight—or at least the extent (程度) to which participants chalked up their success to insight—wins out over analytical
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thought.
In the linguistic puzzles, 94 percent of insight responses were correct, against 78 percent for analytic thinking. In visual puzzles the contrast was even more obvious: 78 percent vs 42 percent.
Of course, research like this is only as reliable as the participants’ self-reporting—and in experiments like this, their awareness of how they arrived at the solutions is a concept too blurry (模糊不清的) to accurately measure—but even so, the observable gap between insight and analytic thinking is interesting to note.
According to the researchers, one of the reasons analytic responses fared poorly against insight is that the puzzles were timed—leading to rushed, late responses with just seconds to spare, often the result of guessing based on analytical but incomplete deduction (推理).
“Deadlines create a feeling of anxiety,” said Kounios. “Anxiety changes one’s thinking from insightful to analytical. Deadlines are helpful in keeping people on task, but if creative ideas are needed, it’s better to have a soft target date. A drop-dead deadline will get results, but they are less likely to be creative results.”
It does not mean that sudden moments of insight will necessarily help you to solve any kind of problem. As the researchers point out, complex problems that have known strategic solutions—such as arithmetic (算术), for example—are often best solved through analytical thinking. But for puzzles where a set path hasn’t already been well established, waiting for your insight to surface might just be the better approach.
“This means that in all kinds of personal and professional situations, when a person has a real sudden insight, then the idea has to be taken seriously,” said Kounios. “It may not always be correct, but it can have a higher probability of being right than an idea that is methodically worked out.”
65. According to Paragraph 2, an “aha!” moment means the time when people_______.
A. spend a long time solving a problem properly B. get the answer to a problem through insight C. find a reliable approach to creative thinking D. try their best to avoid mistakes in arithmetic
66. The underlined “linguistic puzzles” in paragraph 4 refer to the puzzles that ________.
A. are connected with language or words B. are too hard for people to work out
C. have to be done during a limited period of time D. people can only solve with the help of experience
67. According to the author, which of the following is probably a reason for doubting the
conclusion drawn from the experiment led by John Kounios? A. The purpose of the experiment was impractical.
B. There were not enough participants in the experiment. C. It’s hard to ensure the accuracy of the participants’ reports. D. The experiment is too simple to cover all the cases in real life.
68. The researchers think the experiment fails to show the advantage of analytic thinking partly
because of ________.
A. the participants’ personalities B. the large number of the puzzles
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C. the limited time for the puzzles
D. the difference in the participants’ habit
69. According to the passage, when people do arithmetic, it’s better for them to use________.
A. insight
B. analytical thinking
C. both insight and analytical thinking D. either insight or analytical thinking
70. John Kounios is most likely to agree that _____________.
A. the more time one spends in solving a problem, the fewer mistakes they make B. anxiety can make people choose analysis rather than turn to insight
C. a drop-dead deadline is often considered to encourage people’s creativity
D. it is often the case that a sudden insight is more reliable than analytical thought
第二卷 （非选择题 共35分）
第一部分 单词拼写 （共10小题；每题0.5分，满分5分）
71. According to the rules, no ________(参考) books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission.
72. Along with the ________（加速的）aging of population, the study about quality of life of the
elders is attracting more attention.
73. Nowadays, the issue of AIDS orphans must be a______ properly before it’s too late. 74. She opened the e_______ and began to read the letter.
75. The doctor suggests that I have a health examination at regular i__________. 76. All children should be encouraged to realize their full _____________.(潜力) 77. She was satisfied with the o________ of her efforts. 78. Rain and snow are p_______________ of the weather.
79. The eggs have gone bad and send out a d___________ smell.
80. A_________ Chinese traditional paintings, Helen has decided to come to China to learn how
to paint.
第二部分 动词的适当形式填空（共10小题；每题0.5分，满分5分）
81. The comments which he made_________ (concern) marketing bothered his boss greatly.
82. The number of road accidents and the deaths ________ (arise) from those accidents has
increased over the past year.
83. I have no more letters _____________(type), thank you.
84. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _____________( follow )in a year.
85. I think it quite essential that your child _________(learn) a foreign language at school.
86. My father got lost when he arrived in Hong Kong last Sunday ; _________(make ) things
worse, it was raining.
87. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses______(pay ) vacation to China. 88. As we have mentioned previously, we will be dedicated to solving the problem within the
current framework, rather than ___________(establish) a new one.
89. With five minutes________(go) before the last bus left, we arrived at the station.
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90. When the Eiffel Tower was presented at the World Exposition in 1889, it was not very popular
and came close to ________(tear)down．
第三部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；每题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
Ever since the Industrial Revolution and other changes in technology and consumer habits, the environment has been a little less green and a little more dangerous to health. While one person cannot defeat things like pollution and radiation by themselves, a lot can be done to protect the environment they survive in. The first step that needs to be taken in creating a healthy environment for oneself is to be aware of the environmental dangers one is facing. While some are out of control, it is stile important to know about them and raise awareness among others.
Each year the population of the world growth is dangerous to the environment and all humans because it means that water will become more scarce（不足的）, waste will grow, resources will not be enough for everyone, and governmental instability（不稳定）will be possible.
Air pollution is also a major problem that keeps growing all over the world. There are several contributors to air pollution. Some of the popular causes are cars, fires and heating of homes and buildings. Air pollution greatly affects one’s health because whatever goes into the air goes into one’s lungs and blood. Since most people do not know what fresh air smells like, many are ignorant of what the air pollution is doing to them. Air pollution also affects lakes and animals. In addition to damaging the natural environment, air pollution also damages buildings, monuments and statues.
It is not a surprise that water pollution is also a high danger. We have no choice but to pay more attention to how we are using water, and how we may be wasting it. We must bridge the gap between our understanding of how important water is to our survival and what we can do to ensure that we have an adequate supply of clean water for years to come.
Another kind of pollution that often gets ignored is noise pollution. Most people are used to the noise that surrounds them every day. However, noise pollution can damage one’s hearing and even one’s mental health. The source of noise pollution is loud music, machine noises and automobile and plane noises.
Even though the world population is increasing just as fast as air, water and noise pollution, it does not mean that protecting the earth or one’s own health is impossible. The first step in preventing more pollution is knowledge. The more one knows about pollution and preventing pollution, the more one can do. The other step in preventing pollution is to make healthier changes every day. Title: How to keep healthy with everyday pollution Phenomenon Environmental pollution has become more dangerous than ever. The first thing one Be 91__________ of the environmental dangers one is facing. can do 92_____________ To 93___________oneself and the environment they survive in. The rapid population It will cause more scarce water, growing 95______, inadequate resources 94_____________ and governmental instability. Three
types of Air pollution 10