张静中学2014高考英语一轮阅读题及答案15
(***)
Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now，and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them；often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.
Of course sometimes there were real disasters(灾难) which attracted the attention of governments and which showed the need for changes.Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore.At such times, there were inquiries into the causes of the disasters or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries；however, the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.
Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers. In the U. S．， for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell.A third department looks at the places where people work，and then reports any company that is breaking the laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course，new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness，but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars which we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.
( )11.The main topic of the passage is________.
A．conditions in the work place B．the freedom of industries in the past
C．changes in industrial production D．the safety and health of workers and customers ( )12.It can be inferred from the passage that in the past________. A．workers often got ill because of the poor working conditions B．companies were free to put out any products they wanted to C．many people were killed by dangerous products
D．industries were as careful in management as they are today ( )13.It is implied in the passage that________.
A．governments and companies had different opinions about the safety of products B．governments paid little attention to the safety of products C．government officials often did not listen to scientists
D．in the past no safety laws were introduced by governments ( )14.Some years ago safety rules________.
A．were put forward due to scientists’ recommendations B．came into being as a result of the workers’ demands
C．were introduced because quite a number of people were killed or seriously injured D．were effective enough to protect workers and customers
( )15.The special departments protect customers and workers in many ways EXCEPT by________.
A．testing new products B．controlling the sale of products C．designing new products D．inspecting work places
(二)
本文为说明文。文中首先指出在过去，工人在工作中、顾客使用新产品时的安全与健康得不到保障，导致一些灾难的发生。这致使政府采取相关政策，以保障人们的安全与健康。
11．D 主旨大意题。全文通过对比过去与现在，说明了全文的主题是：工人与顾客的安全与健康。故选D。
12．A 推理判断题。根据第一段often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers可推断过去工人常常因工作环境的恶劣而生病，故选A。
13．D 推理判断题。根据二段however, the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.可推断政府过去并未引进相关的安全措施，故选D。
14．C 细节理解题。根据第二段New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries可判断选C。
15．C 细节理解题。分析最后一段可知，C项内容不符合文意，故选C。 *************************************************************结束
.完形填空
Words：300 难度系数：★★★ 建议用时：15分钟
(2012·山东潍坊模拟)It’s a small gas station that has snacks，drinks，cigarettes，and candies.The young man behind the counter knows his __1__ by name and what they normally want to buy.He treats children and adults with equal __2__.He reads science fiction behind the counter when business is __3__.
One day，three people rushed in and grabbed food off the shelves as fast as they could，__4__ not intending to pay for it.He hit the “panic button” and then went over the counter and __5__ the front door.It was obvious they were homeless，and equally obvious that they weren’t going __6__ with their illgotten gains.They __7__ the food and simply crowded together in
panic—knowing the police were __8__ the way.
Imagine what they must have felt like when they were told they didn’t have to steal if they were that __9__.“We have food in the back，expired(到期) but still __10__ to eat.If you need food，you __11__ have some.”
They were told to __12__ what they had dropped and put it back，then asked to straighten out the mess.They were doing just that __13__ the police arrived.The officers were told the situation was under control and the police were no longer __14__.
This wasn’t what they had __15__.They were being treated as human beings who could right the wrong they’d done.Shocked，they quickly followed orders to take turns and use the restroom to clean up.
Soon three __16__ people walked out with all the __17__ their arms could hold.They were __18__ that，if they needed to come back again，they were to ask and not just grab.
And then the young man went back to reading until the next customer came in.He would be the __19__ person in the world to claim he was a hero.But he gave three people something they were in desperate need of—a __20__ amount of selfrespect and a little bit of hope. 1．A.friends C．customers
B．neighbors D．passengers
解析：选C。根据语境“The young man behind the counter...”可知为customers。 2．A.respect C．wisdom
B．pride D．privilege
解析：选A。respect尊敬，敬意，pride骄傲，wisdom智慧，privilege特权。根据语境，respect更符合题意。 3．A.slow C．heavy
B．busy D．swift
解析：选A。根据语境“He reads science fiction behind the counter”可知应是生意不很忙的时候看一些科幻小说。故slow更符合题意。 4．A.bravely C．hardly
B．reasonably D．obviously
解析：选D。根据语境“...grabbed food off the shelves as fast as they could”可知为obviously，显然地。 5．A.opened C．closed
B．locked D．broke
解析：选B。根据行文逻辑可以看出，有人来抢劫，肯定要报警并锁好前门阻止抢劫犯逃脱。故选locked。 6．A.nowhere C．anywhere
B．somewhere D．everywhere
解析：选C。根据下文“...simply crowded together in panic...”可知他们不能逃走。故选anywhere，