管理会计课后练习答案
CHAPTER 2
2–7
1.
Direct materials: Magazine (5,000 ? $0.40) $ 2,000 Brochure (10,000 ? $0.08) 800 $ 2,800 Direct labor:
Magazine [(5,000/20) ? $10] $ 2,500 Brochure [(10,000/100) ? $10] 1,000 3,500 Manufacturing overhead:
Rent $ 1,400 Depreciation [($40,000/20,000) ? 350*] 700 Setups 600 Insurance 140 Power 350 3,190 Cost of goods manufactured $ 9,490 *Production is 20 units per printing hour for magazines and 100 units per printing hour for brochures, yielding monthly machine hours of 350 [(5,000/20) + (10,000/100)]. This is also monthly labor hours, as machine labor only operates the presses. Direct materials Direct labor
Total prime costs Magazine:
Direct materials Direct labor
Total prime costs Brochure:
Direct materials Direct labor
Total prime costs
$ 2,800 3,500 $ 6,300 $ 2,000 2,500 $ 4,500 $ 800 1,000 $ 1,800
2.
3.
Direct tracing was used to assign prime costs to the two products. Total monthly conversion cost: Direct labor $ 3,500 Overhead 3,190 Total $ 6,690 Magazine:
Direct labor Overhead: Power ($1 ? 250) Depreciation ($2 ? 250) Setups (2/3 ? $600) Rent and insurance ($4.40 ? 250 DLH)* Total
$ 250
500 400 1,100
$ 100 200 200 440
$ 2,500
2,250 $ 4,750 $ 1,000
Brochure:
Direct labor Overhead: Power ($1 ? 100) Depreciation ($2 ? 100) Setups (1/3 ? $600) Rent and insurance ($4.40 ? 100 DLH)* Total
940 $ 1,940
*Rent and insurance cannot be traced to each product so the costs are assigned using direct labor hours: $1,540/350 DLH = $4.40 per direct labor hour. The other overhead costs are traced according to their usage. Depreciation and power are assigned by using machine hours (250 for magazines and 100 for brochures): $350/350 = $1.00 per machine hour for power and $40,000/20,000 = $2.00 per machine hour for depreciation. Setups are assigned according to the time required. Since magazines use twice as much time, they receive twice the cost: Letting X = the proportion of setup time used for brochures, 2X + X = 1 implies a cost assignment ratio of 2/3 for magazines and 1/3 for brochures.
4. Sales [(5,000 ? $1.80) + (10,000 ? $0.45)] ...........
$13,500 Less cost of goods sold ..................................... Gross margin ....................................................... Less operating expenses: Selling ............................................................. Administrative ................................................ Income before income taxes ..............................
$ 500a 1,500b
9,490 $ 4,010
2,000 $ 2,010
a
Distribution of goods is a selling expense.
A case could be made for assigning part of her salary to production. However, since she is responsible for coordinating and managing all business functions, an administrative classification is more convincing.
b
CHAPTER 3
3–3
Cost of Oil Changes$9,000$8,000$7,000$6,000Cost$5,000$4,000$3,000$2,000$1,000$005001,0001,500Number of Oil Changes1.
The scattergraph provides evidence for a linear relationship.
2. High (1,400, $7,950); Low (700, $5,150)
V = ($7,950 – $5,150)/(1,400 – 700) = $2,800/700 = $4 per oil change F = $5,150 – $4(700)
= $5,150 – $2,800 = $2,350 Cost = $2,350 + $4 (oil changes)
Predicted cost for January = $2,350 + $4(1,000) = $6,350
3–4
1. Overhead
orders)
2. Overhead
= $2,130 + $17(DLH) + $810(setups) + $26(purchase
= $2,130 + $17(600) + $810(50) + $26(120)
= $2,130 + $10,200 + $40,500 + $3,120 = $55,950
3. Since total setup cost is $40,500 for the following month, a 50
percent decrease would reduce setup cost to $20,250, saving $20,250 for the month.
CHAPTER 4
4–8
1. Product cost assignment:
Overhead rates:
Patterns: $30,000/15,000 = $2.00 per DLH Finishing: $90,000/30,000 = $3.00 per DLH Unit cost computation:
Patterns:
$2.00 ? 0.1 $2.00 ? 0.2
Backpacks $0.20
Duffel Bags
$0.40
Finishing: $3.00 ? 0.2 0.60 $3.00 ? 0.4 1.20 Total per unit $0.80 $1.60
2. Cost before addition of duffel bags: $60,000/100,000 = $0.60 per unit
The assignment is accurate because all costs belong to the one
product.
3. Activity-based cost assignment:
Stage 1: Pool rate = $120,000/80,000 = $1.50 per transaction Stage 2: Overhead applied:
Backpacks: $1.50 ? 40,000* = $60,000 Duffel bags: $1.50 ? 40,000 = $60,000
*80,000 transactions/2 = 40,000 (number of transactions had doubled)
4.
Unit cost:
Backpacks: $60,000/100,000 = $0.60 per unit Duffel bags: $60,000/25,000 = $2.40 per unit
This problem allows the student to see what the accounting cost per unit should be by providing the ability to calculate the cost with and without the duffel bags. With this perspective, it becomes easy to see the benefits of the activity-based approach over those of the functional-based approach. The
activity-based approach provides the same cost per unit as the single-product setting. The functional-based approach used transactions to allocate accounting costs to each producing department, and this allocation probably reflects quite well the consumption of accounting costs by each producing department. The problem is the second-stage allocation. Direct labor hours do not capture the consumption pattern of the individual products as they pass through the departments. The distortion occurs, not in using transactions to assign accounting costs to departments, but in using direct labor hours to assign these costs to the two products. In a single-product environment, ABC offers no improvement in product costing accuracy. However, even in a single-product environment, it may be possible to increase the accuracy of cost assignments to other cost objects such as customers.
CHAPTER 7
7–8
1.
a.
Direct method Machine hours Kilowatt-hours Maintenance: (0.80 ? $320,000) (0.20 ? $320,000) Power: (0.10 ? $400,000) (0.90 ? $400,000)
Drilling 0.80 0.10 $256,000
40,000
Assembly 0.20 0.90
$ 64,000
360,000