上海市七宝中学2016年高三英语模拟考试(二)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine (25) __________ people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons--- for example, economic reasons - (26) __________ they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building (27) __________ (need)?
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own home town of Tours (28) __________ modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. (29) __________ __________ __________ the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which (30) __________ (spoil) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change.
Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner (31) __________ (move) things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue (32) __________ copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.
(B)
Working with a group of baboons (狒狒)in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks (33) __________ (involve) a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, (34) __________ others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.
She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The (35) __________ (brave) baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, (36) __________ being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.
The same held true for anxious baboons (37) __________ (compare) with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social information and using it (38) __________ (show) that
personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something (39) __________ has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them,but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.
The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals,or they are too shy to use the information once they have it,information may not travel between all group members, (40) __________ (prevent) the formation of a culture based on social learning. Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.arrivals AD.mixed B.dramatically BC.devotion C.absent BD.granted D.astonishing CD.abandoned AB.embarrassing AC.remained ABC.oppression
The decade of the 1920s was like no other period that Americans of the time could imagine. World War I--the”war to end all wars”--had just concluded, and the world seemed suddenly a much smaller place. The stock market grew at a(n) _____41_____ rate. Everyone seemed to have plenty of money to spend and plenty of leisure time in which to enjoy it. Girls known as”flappers”(轻佻女子) _____42_____ the modest styles embraced by their mothers for scandalous fashions that included silk stockings, knee-length hemlines, bobbed hair, and cosmetics. Young men vied to see who could sit atop a flagpole the longest or who could swallow the largest number of live goldfish.
Indeed, it seemed that the Roaring Twenties howled with exuberance(旺盛的精力), daring, and a(n) _____43_____ to all that was “modern”. However, the period could just as accurately be called the Decade of Paradox(自相矛盾). Although it was a time of prosperity and enormous social and cultural changes, it was also a time of class conflict and _____44_____.
The United States _____45_____ in many ways the land of opportunity, but it no longer welcomed immigrants. Workers worried that poor new _____46_____ would take away their jobs. Wealthy businessmen worried that “un-American” ideas about workers’ rights might erode their power and reduce their profits. The government pursued an isolationist course and enacted legislation that _____47_____ reduced the number of foreign-born immigrants permitted to enter the country.
The decade brought _____48_____ blessings for women and families also. Although the Nine-tenth Amendment to the Constitution _____49_____ women the right to vote in 1920, the Supreme Court overturned progress achieved in minimum-wage and child-labor laws. In 1929 the government withdrew its support for health programs that were intended to help children and pregnant women living in rural regions of the country.
An energized Ku Klux Klan in the South terrorized African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and immigrants. The wealth so evident in the industrialized North was notably _____50_____ in rural areas, especially in black communities. Poverty drove millions of African Americans to the North and the West in search of jobs, and the influx of people into cities such as New York, Detroit, and St.Louis was not without problems. These places, however, also became famous as the centers of a vibrant culture created by African American artists, writers, and musicians who were among the
greatest talents of the era.
III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In 1927, a scientist named Charles Elton developed the concept of the food chain to describe the independence of of all organisms within an ecosystem.
Living things that create their own food, such as green plants, are called autotrophs. They are the first link in the food chain because they (51)________ the sun's energy and use it to convert inorganic compounds, such as minerals, into energy-rich organic compounds such as sugars and proteins. Living things that create their own food are sometimes called (52)________
Above producers in food chains are the heterotrophs, sometimes called consumers, which (53)________ other organisms for food. Herbivores are considered first-level consumers: they are animals that eat only (54)________. Carnivores - animals that eat only meat - are second-level consumers. Food chains (55)________ the amount of energy transferred as nutrients from one organism to another within an ecosystem. Food chains demonstrate that the (56)________ of all life forms in an ecosystem depends on the success of all the others.
The expression ‘food chain', however, is misleading as a metaphor. It is true that a field of thick grass, full of sugars and proteins produced using energy from sunlight, provides nutritional energy for a colony of rabbits that (57)________ become an energy source for foxes. In this example, foxes are at the top of the food chain. If there is an infestation(大量滋生) of grasshoppers or a drought that destroys the grass, then the number of rabbits declines, bringing about a(n)(58)________ in the population of foxes.
(59)________, no group of feeding relationships is this simple, and scientists illustrate these more complicated relationships as food webs. Food webs can be envisioned(想象) as a number of food chains (60)________ together. Many (61)________ creatures depend on grass for food. Also, rabbits eat a wide variety of plants (62)________ grass; foxes will eat almost any small animals, including insects, worms, mice, and fish, as well as eggs and carrion. (63)________ or problems in the food supply at any level can have widespread effects.
A food web does not have a(n) (64)________ dominant species at the top; it is a regenerative(能再生的) cycle, and in addition to products and consumers, it also includes decomposers. Decomposers are organisms such as bacteria that survive by (65)________ the chemical energy from dead plants and animals and from waste material. This energy is returned to the earth in the form of nutrients and can be used again by vegetation. 51. A. reflect 52. A. producers 53. A. take up
B. capture B. consumers B. account for
C. supply C. demanders C. depend on
D. save D. defenders D. apply to