武汉软件工程职业学院 毕业论文 题 目 汽车润滑系统的故障诊断与维修
汽车运用工程系 汽车检测与维修技术 专业 08级 01 班 学 号 1297808010031 姓 名 陈晓明 指导老师 何乔义 成 绩
完成日期 2011年 5 月 目录
摘要································································3 绪
论································································3 一、 润滑系统的组成及功用············································3 1.1润滑系统的功用················································3 1.2发动机润滑系的组成············································3 1.3发动机的润滑方
式··············································4 二、 润滑系统常见故障诊断与维修······································4 2.1发动机机油压力过高············································4 2.1.1现
象······················································5 2.1.2原因分析··················································5 2.1.3诊断与排除················································5 2.2机油消耗过大··················································5 2.2.1现象······················································5 2.2.2原因分析··················································5 2.2.3诊断与排除················································6 2.3机油变
质······················································6 2.3.1现象······················································7 2.3.2原因分析 ·················································7 2.3.3诊断与排除················································7 三、 润滑系故障维修实
例···············································7 3.1桑塔纳轿车在行驶过程中突然出现机油报警灯报警··················7 3.2夏利轿车发动机烧机油··········································8
四、 发动机润滑系统的维护·············································8 五、 结论····························································8 参考文献·····························································9
【摘要】 :本文讲述了发动机润滑系组成及功用,润滑油的选用及更换,润滑系 统出现常见故障的现象, 常见故障的分析与诊断以及一些润滑系统故障的维修案例。 让我们了解了发动机润滑系故障的一些故障现象以及排除故障的方法。随着汽车科 技的发展,汽车的结构越来越复杂,我们只有掌握更多的知识和实践经验,才能更 好地运用检测仪器快速准确地查找汽车的故障原因,并把故障排除。
【关键词】 润滑系 功用 常见故障 排除方法 维护 绪论
发动机的润滑是由润滑系来实现的。 润滑系的基本任务就是将润滑油不断地 供给各零件的摩擦表面使其充分润滑, 以减少运动机件间的摩擦阻力和磨损, 并 通过润滑油的循环,驱走热量,降低温度,延长机件的使用寿命。如果维护保养 不当, 将导致发动机不能正常工作。 因此, 了解汽车润滑系统故障诊断与维修的 方法显得尤为重要, 他能让我们在现实生活中及时发现汽车润滑系统中的常见故 障并及时采取有效措施将损失降到最低。
一、润滑系统的功用及组成
1.1润滑系统的功用
发动机工作时, 很多传动零件都是在很小的间隙下高速相对运动的, 部件间 的摩擦会产生零件的磨损、功率损耗、热量、铁屑杂质等。因此,为了使我们发 动机各个零部件间持久正常运行, 就需要机油的润滑, 机油在运动机件之间产生 油膜,减少摩擦阻力和动力消耗,并减小零部件磨损,同时,流动的机油将摩擦 产生的热量带走, 冷却机件不因温度过高而烧坏机件; 循环流动的机油又可将零 件表面的金属屑带走。 机油还有一定的粘性, 填补缸壁与或活塞环间的细小间隙, 减少气体才泄露,起到密封的作用。
1.2润滑系的组成
一般发动机润滑系组成大体相同,主要由下面这些装置组成。
(1油底壳:用来贮存润滑油。有些车上它还起到为润滑油散热的作用。 (2机油泵:将润滑油从油底壳中抽出加压后,源源不断地送到个零部件 表面进行润滑, 维持润滑油在润滑系中的循环。 机油泵大多装于曲轴箱内, 也有
些将机油泵装于曲轴箱外, 机油泵都采用齿轮驱动方式, 通过凸轮轴、 曲轴或正 时齿轮来驱动。
(3机油滤清器:用来过滤润滑油中的杂质、磨屑水分等杂物,是送到各 润滑部位的都是干净的润滑油。
(4主油道:是润滑系统的重要组成部分,直接在缸体与缸盖上铸出,用 来向各润滑部位输送润滑油。
(5限压阀:用来限制机油泵输出的润滑油压力。旁通阀与粗滤器并联, 当粗滤器堵塞时,旁通阀打开,机油泵输出的润滑油直接进入主油道。
(6机油泵吸油管:它通常带有收集器,浸在机油中。作用是避免油中大 颗粒杂质进入润滑系统造成堵塞。