必修5 Unit1 Great scientists
Part 1. Warming up
1. explain
及物动词（vt.）
解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]
He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。
Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗? Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。 不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解
I've got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。 2. characteristic
n. 特征；特性 Kindness is one of his characteristics. adj. 独特的 I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh. be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性
Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 如此迟钝是他的特性。 3. Who put forward a theory about black holes? put forward 提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨 He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。
May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？ [归纳拓展]
put down 记下；镇压 put out 关掉；熄灭 put aside 放在一边；储存；保留 put off 推迟；延期 put up 建造；举起；张贴 put on 穿上 put away 收好 选词填空
（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out） ①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful. ②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road.
③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center. ④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day.
⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow what can be done today.
Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending
1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research
how to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 We haven’t decided where to go. 我们还没有决定去哪里。 The question is when to leave. 问题是什么时候动身。 2.draw a conclusion 得出结论
1）conclusion作名词，意为―结束，结论‖
come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后
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I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo.最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。 2）conclude作动词，―结束；断定；决定‖。
to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= to sum up)
To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us.
3）John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。 3.expert
① n. 专家，能手 an expert in psychology（心理学） an agricultural expert ② adj. 熟练的，有专门技术的 an expert job需专门知识的工作 He is expert in / at cooking.
attend vt. &vi 参加，注意，照料
① be present at参加attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting ② attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顾，看护
The queen had a good doctor attending （on ）her. Dr Smith attended her in hospital. Mother had to attend to her sick son. ③ attend to处理，注意倾听
Can you attend to the matter immediately?
I may be late – I have got one or two things to attend to.
4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。
(1) exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为―患霍乱的‖。如： The book written by Luxun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。
The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. 昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯教授。 (2) expose
①暴露 expose sb/sth to sth He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。 ②揭露He exposed their plot. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋。
The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。
exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的 exposedness n. 暴露，显露 expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下 expose a fraud 揭穿骗局
练习：The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
5. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。 neither...nor...既不……也不，连接句中两个相同成分。
①I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。
②Neither France nor Britain will attend the meeting next week.法国和英国都将不会参加下星期的会议。
③Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film.
＝Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。 cure vt. 治疗,治愈,改正 n. 治疗,治愈,治疗法
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①cure sb（of sth）治好了某人（的...,...)
The only way to cure backache is to rest. 治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。 When I left the hospital I was completely cured.
That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness forever. 那一沉重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。
This illness cannot be cured easily. 这种病不好治. ②a cure for sth.治疗…的方法;解决问题，改善困境
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法? The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices.
6.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
(1)本句为复合句，―So many thousands of terrified people died‖ 为主句，every time引导时间状语从句，意思是―每当……‖。
(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：every time，each time，the last time，next time，the moment，the minute，immediately，instantly等。
①Every time/Each time I express an opinion，she argues back.每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。 ②I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/the minute/immediately I arrived here.我一到这里就感到耳目一新。
③The last time I saw him，he was quite well.我最后一次看到他时，他还相当健康。
④Give your father my best regards next time you see him.下次你见到你父亲时，请代我向他致以最好的问候。 [拓展延伸]
(1)for the first time是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。 (2)It is the first time that...如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面用was，则从句动词用过去完成时.
(3)It’s (high) time that...从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形。
It’s high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution.该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。
7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。
suggest v. 建议；暗示；表明suggest+doing / sth. / that sb. (should) do sth. May suggested a picnic at the weekend. He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall. He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.
I suggested leaving early for the airport. He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall.
She suggested that her father (should) give up smoking.
*suggest (暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。
The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me. The look on his face suggested that he was happy.
8..The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。 absorb vt.(1)专注，聚精会神
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