常用虚拟语气句型
1． if条件句
条件状语从句可分为真实条件句，即条件满足，事实就发生的情况；和非真实条件句，即与事实相反或难以实现的假设情况。虚拟语气的基本句型，即是这种非真实条件状语从句。其具体形式如表中所示： 条件从句谓语 主句谓语 与现在事实相反 动词过去式(动词be用were) would/should +动词原形 与过去时间相反 had + 过去分词 would/should + have +过去分词 动词过去式(动词be用were) 将来不大可能发生的事 或 should +动词原形 would/should +动词原形 或 were +动词不定式 If I knew English, I would go abroad to further my study. If I had got up early, I wouldn’t have been late. If I were to do it, I should do it at once. 【说明】
①在非正式英语中，条件从句中的第一、第三人称单数主语后可用was代替were。 If I was you, I would accept the invitation.
②主句中的would可用于各种人称，而should只用于第一人称。 ③在主句中也可用情态动词could，might代替would，should。 If I had had enough time, I might have done it better.
④条件从句中的谓语动词含有were，had，should时，可以省略从属连接词if，然后采
用倒装结构，把were，had，should移到主语前面。 Should you pass this way, do drop in for a visit.= If you should pass this way,…… Had I known it, I wouldn’t had made such a silly mistake.= If I had known it,…… Were it left to me to decide whether I should have a job immediately or go on
to study at college, I wouldn’t hesitate a moment to choose the latter.= If it were left to me to decide……..
⑤在同一个句子中不能一部分表示真实条件，另一部分表示非真实条件。
[误]If my grandfather comes tomorrow, I should stay home. [正]If my grandfather comes tomorrow, I shall stay home.
[正]If my grandfather were to come tomorrow, I should stay home. ⑥有时，条件和结果发生的时间不一致，动词形式便要作适当调整，变成错综时间条件句。
If you had taken the medicine, you would be well now. If he were honest, he would had told us the truth.
If it hadn’t rained so much, we would have a good harvest in autumn.
2．介词或介词短语without/ thanks to/ but for +名词结构代替if条件句表示的虚拟语气。 主句谓语 与现在事实相反 would/should/could +动词原形 与过去时间相反 would/should/could + have +过去分词 将来不大可能发生的事 would/should/could +动词原形 But for your help, I could sit here and prepare for my mid-term examination. Thanks to the man’s timely rescue, the child would have been drowned. Without the sun and water, nothing would live.
3．wish +宾语从句 宾语从句谓语 与现在愿望相反 一般过去式(动词be用were) 与过去愿望相反 had +过去分词 将来不大可能发生的愿望 would/should +动词原形 I wish I were as strong as you. I wish I had not failed the chemistry examination. I wish I would become a pilot when I grow up.
*hope与wish不同，后面接宾语从句一般表示真实情况，其愿望一般可以实现。 I hope it will be fine tomorrow. 但如果说had hoped，则表示一种过去未实现的愿望，宾语从句用would +动词原形来表示。
I had hoped Tom would attend the meeting.
4．it’s (high) time +从句 从句谓语 表示是应该做某事的时候了 动词过去式/ should +动词原形 It’s time we got something to eat.
5．as if或as though +方式状语从句 主句谓语 从句谓语 与现在事实相反 动词过去式(动词be用were) 与过去时间相反 非虚拟情况 had +过去分词 与可能发生的事相反 would/should +动词原形 He speaks as if he were the manager. He talks as if he had been on the spot.
The situation seems as if it would be out of control.
6．if或if only表示愿望 从句谓语 与现在事实相反的愿望 动词过去式(动词be用were) 与过去事实相反的愿望 had + 过去分词 将来不大可能发生的愿望 would +动词原形 If I were with you now! If only I had not been that silly! If only the rain would stop!
*此句型大多可与wish句型转换。如上面三句分别相当于： I wish I were with you now.
I wish I had not been that silly. I wish the rain would stop.
7．suggest, require, order, etc. +宾语从句
在一些表示建议、愿望、要求、请求、劝告、意志、欲望、命令、安排、决定等的动词的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气。其形式是should +动词原形。肯定句式中should可以省略，而仅用动词原形。这类动词有：ask，require，request，demand，pray，insist，desire，maintain，propose，suggest，move，urge，advise，recommend，command，order，arrange，decide等。
She demanded (that) the paper (should) be rewritten. I suggest (that) he (should) get there as soon
8．it is important, required, etc. +主语从句
在it is +表示要求、建议、必要、命令等意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中，要用should +动词原形的虚拟语气，should可省略。这类形容词和分词有：advised，advisable，better，desired，desirable，demanded，essential，important，natural，necessary，ordered，proposed，possible，probable，preferable，recommended，required，suggested，strange，urgent，strange，incredible等；这个表语结构也可以是it is a pity，it is a wonder，it is a shame等。
It’s necessary (that) we (should) start to do the work right away. It’s urgent we (should) send for a doctor at once. It is a pity that she (should) call black white.
9．用于表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在一些表示愿望、建议、要求、命令等意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句后，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这类名词有：advice，decision，idea，order，plan，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，opinion，requirement，direction，policy等。 My opinion is that we (should) review their proposal right now. He made the request that the problem (should) be settled at once.
10．Lest/ for fear (that)/ in case 引导的状语从句
这类状语从句表示担心、忧虑，谓语动词用(should) +动词原形构成。 I’m telling you this lest you (should) doubt my sincerity.
Julia had to go on a diet for fear that she (should) lose her job as a model.
11．in order that, so that +目的状语从句
We started our journey before dawn so that we might stand a chance to reach there before sunset.
12．其他虚拟语气句式
①would rather/would as soon/would sooner +从句
I would rather you were in the same group as we are.
I’d just as soon you didn’t repeat such a careless mistake. ②通过上下文表示假设的情况。2
Ted just gives up everything for her. I would not be that silly. Ted为了她舍弃了一切，我就不会这么傻。
③had + expected/ hoped/ supposed, etc.表示希望、设想、预期而未实现的过去动作。
I had expected I would pass the driving test. ④表示祝愿的话中。
May our longstanding friendship last for ever! Love live the peace of the world!