制作人：心舟 QQ:1129441083
第一讲 《杀人的道德侧面》
这是一门讨论公正的课程This is a course about justice 我们以一则故事作为引子and we begin with a story.
假设你是一名电车司机\\Suppose you're the driver of a trolley car
你的电车以60英里 小时的速度\\and your trolley car is hurtling down the track 在轨道上飞驰\\at 60 miles an hour.
突然发现在轨道的尽头\\And at the end of the track you notice 有五名工人正在施工\\five workers working on the track. 你无法让电车停下来\\You try to stop but you can't 因为刹车坏了\\your brakes don't work. 你此时极度绝望\\You feel desperate 因为你深知\\because you know
如果电车撞向那五名工人\\that if you crash into these five workers 他们全都会死\\they will all die.
假设你对此确信无疑\\Let's assume you know that for sure. 你极为无助\\And so you feel helpless
直到你发现 在轨道的右侧 until you notice that there is off to the right 有一条侧轨\\ a side track
而在侧轨的尽头\\and at the end of that track
只有一名工人在那施工\\there is one worker working on the track. 而你的方向盘还没坏\\Your steering wheel works 只要你想\\so you can turn the trolley car
就可以把电车转到侧轨上去\\if you want to onto the side track 牺牲一人挽救五人性命\\killing the one but sparing the five. 下面是我们的第一个问题:\\Here's our first question: 何为正确的选择\\what's the right thing to do? 换了你会怎么做\\What would you do? 我们来做个调查\\Let's take a poll.
有多少人会把电车开到侧轨上去\\How many would turn the trolley car onto the side track?
请举手\\Raise your hands.
有多少人会让电车继续往前开\\How many wouldn't? How many would go straight ahead? 选择往前开的 请不要把手放下\\Keep your hands up those of you who would go straight ahead.
只有少数人选择往前开\\A handful of people would 绝大多数都选择转弯\\the vast majority would turn. 我们先来听听大家的说法\\Let's hear first
探究一下为何\\now we need to begin to investigate the reasons
你们会认为这是正确的选择\\why you think it's the right thing to do.
先从大多数选择了转向侧轨的同学开始\\Let's begin with those in the majority who
would turn to go onto the side track. 为何会这样选择\\Why would you do it? 理由是什么\\What would be your reason?
有没有自告奋勇的\\Who's willing to volunteer a reason? 你来 站起来告诉大家\\Go ahead. Stand up.
我认为当可以只牺牲一个人时\\Because it can't be right to kill five people 牺牲五人不是正确之举\\when you can only kill one person instead. 当可以只牺牲一人时 牺牲五人不是正确之举\\It wouldn't be right to kill five if you could kill one person instead. 这理由不错\\That's a good reason. 不错\\That's a good reason. 还有其他人吗\\Who else?
人人都赞同这个理由\\Does everybody agree with that reason? 你来\\Go ahead.
我认为这和9·11的时候是一种情况\\Well I was thinking it's the same reason on 9 11 那些让飞机在宾州坠毁的人 被视为英雄\\with regard to the people who flew the plane into the Pennsylvania field as heroes
因为他们选择了牺牲自己\\because they chose to kill the people on the plane 而不是让飞机撞向大楼牺牲更多人\\and not kill more people in big buildings.
这么看来这条原则和9·11的是一样的\\So the principle there was the same on 9 11. 虽然是悲剧\\It's a tragic circumstance 但牺牲一人保全五人依然是更正确的选择\\but better to kill one so that five can live 这就是大多数人选择把电车开上侧轨的理由吗\\is that the reason most of you had those of you who would turn? Yes?
现在我们来听听少数派的意见\\Let's hear now from those in the minority 那些选择不转弯的\\those who wouldn't turn. 你来\\Yes.
我认为这与为种族灭绝以及极权主义正名\\Well I think that's the same type of mentality that justifies genocide 是同一种思维模式\\and totalitarianism.
为了一个种族能生存下来\\In order to save one type of race 以灭绝另一个种族为代价\\you wipe out the other.
那换了是你在这种情况下会怎么做\\So what would you do in this case?
为了避免骇人听闻的种族灭绝\\You would to avoid the horrors of genocide
你打算直接开上去把这五个人撞死吗\\you would crash into the five and kill them? 大概会吧\\Presumably yes.
-真的会吗 -对\\- You would? - Yeah. 好吧 还有谁\\Okay. Who else?
很有勇气的回答 谢谢\\That's a brave answer. Thank you.
我们来考虑一下另一种情况的例子\\Let's consider another trolley car case 看看你们\\and see whether
大多数的人\\those of you in the majority
会不会继续坚持刚才的原则\\want to adhere to the principle 即\牺牲一人保全五人是更好的选择\better that one should die so that five should live.\
这次你不再是电车司机了\\This time you're not the driver of the trolley car 只是一名旁观者\\you're an onlooker.
你站在一座桥上 俯瞰着电车轨道\\You're standing on a bridge overlooking a trolley car track.
电车沿着轨道从远处驶来\\And down the track comes a trolley car 轨道的尽头有五名工人\\at the end of the track are five workers 电车刹车坏了\\the brakes don't work
这五名工人即将被撞死\\the trolley car is about to careen into the five and kill them.
但你不是电车司机 你真的爱莫能助\\And now you're not the driver you really feel helpless
直到你发现 在你旁边\%until you notice standing next to you 靠着桥站着的\\leaning over the bridge 是个超级大胖子\\is a very fat man.
你可以选择推他一把\\And you could give him a shove.
他就会摔下桥\\He would fall over the bridge onto the track
正好摔在电车轨道上挡住电车\\right in the way of the trolley car.
他必死无疑 但可以救那五人的性命\\He would die but he would spare the five. 现在\\Now有多少人会选择把那胖子推下桥\\how many would push the fat man over the bridge?
请举手\\Raise your hand.
有多少人不会\\How many wouldn't?
大多数人不会这么做\\Most people wouldn't.
一个显而易见的问题出现了\\Here's the obvious question.
我们\牺牲一人保全五人\的这条原则\\What became of the principle 到底出了什么问题呢\\\better to save five lives even if it means sacrificing one?\第一种情况时\\What became of the principle
大多数人赞同的这条原则怎么了\\that almost everyone endorsed in the first case? 两种情况中都属多数派的人 你们是怎么想的\\I need to hear from someone who was in the majority in both cases.
应该如何来解释这两种情况的区别呢\\How do you explain the difference between the two?
你来\\Yes.
我认为第二种情况\\The second one I guess
牵涉到主动选择推人\\involves an active choice of pushing a person down 而被推的这个人\\which I guess that person himself
本来跟这事件一点关系都没有\\would otherwise not have been involved in the