by 用法小结
1.用于被动语态的句子中,表示动作的执行者,意为“被;由”。 He was praised by the teacher.他受到了老师的表扬。 The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。
2.表示方式、方法、手段等,后常接无冠词的名词或动名词,意为“通过;靠;用”。 Don't judge a person by appearances. 勿以貌取人。 He made a living by teaching.他以教书为生。
3.表示时间,意为“到…时为止”或“不迟于... by now/then/this time/next Friday/the end of/three o’clock Mum told me to come back by 10 o’clock.
By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words. 到十岁时,他已学了1000个英语单词。
4. by+交通工具、交通方式名词（名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。意为：“通过…，由…，乘…”。 by train/rail/tube/taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane; by land/road/sea/water/air等。（on foot) 5. by+地点名词：表方位，意为：“在…旁边”。 by the lake/river/tree/window/door；sit by my side 6.“从…旁经过”,多与动词go/walk/pass等连用。 pass by经过
7. by accident偶然，意外的 8. by mistake错误的，无意中 9. by chance碰巧
10. by the end of 在(某时间点)以前 注意联系：in the end/ at the end of… 11. by the way顺便说一下 12. one by one一个接一个
13. step by step一步一步地，逐步地 14. by oneself独自
15. learn…by heart用心学…
16. What do you mean by saying that? 你那样说什么意思？ 17. by means of用，依靠; 将; 借助于
We express our thought by means of words. 我们用词句来表达思想。