C. D.
50. What is the best title for the passage? A. In defence of the childless B. In hope of having a child or not C. Reasons for not having children D. Measures to address aging problems
【答案】45. B 46. D 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. A 【解析】 【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。主要描述的是丁克一族在社会上受到的一些偏见和批判，并为无子女的人辩护。 【45题详解】
段落大意题。根据第二段第2、3行可知，这一段主要描述的是丁克一族在社会上受到的一些偏见和批判。A选项的语言过度夸大了这种现象；C、D选项只是这一段当中提到的某个方面，并不能概括这一段的内容。故选B。 【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第三行和第六段第二行可知，丁克一族没有子女为他们支付养老金，从而增加了政府的经济负担，因此D项符合题意。A项位于文章第四段的第一句，只是一种假设，与文章主旨相矛盾；B项并未在文章中提及；第四段最后一句话和第五、七段的举例说明丁克一族在某些方面不逊色于寻常父母，甚至比他们更优秀，所以C项不正确，故选D。 【47题详解】
词义指代题。爱尔兰的领导人虽然是丁克，但是这个国家却把it运用的很好。通过it所在的句子位置可知it所指代的内容在前文中，因此锁定范围It is possible ---a century ago.前文中的pattern指的就是将高的丁克率和高出生率相结合，鼓励父母多生育。故选C。 【48题详解】
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推理判断题。通过第三段的第一句话和最后一段的第一句话作者认为社会对于丁克一族的指控和偏见应该被消除，而且他们对社会的贡献是客观存在的，因此可以判断作者对于丁克一族的态度是理解体谅的。故选A。 【49题详解】
宏观结构题。文章1、2两段描述的是丁克一族受到偏见的社会现象，第3段是作者对这一现象的看法，第4、5、6、7段当中，作者分别通过丁克一族在慈善、政治能力、人口增长、艺术贡献方面的作用举例论证。故选B。 【50题详解】
主旨题。根据第5小题文章的结构可以推断出，作者是在为受到偏见的丁克一族做辩护，并举例进行论证。C选项的表述过于片面；B/D偏离主旨。故选A。
【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。例如，在第3小题中，爱尔兰的领导人虽然是丁克，但是这个国家却把it运用的很好。通过it所在的句子位置可知it所指代的内容在前文中，因此锁定范围It is possible ---a century ago.前文中的pattern指的就是将高的丁克率和高出生率相结合，鼓励父母多生育。 第四部分 任务型阅读（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案谢在答题纸上相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。
Hearing loss, that’s an older person’s problem, right? Think again. Noise, not age, is the leading cause of hearing loss. While hearing problems are common among older folks, damage from everyday noise is growing among younger Americans, including those in their teens and 20s.
The latest research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) shows some 40 million Americans ages 20 to 69 suffering hearing damage from everyday loud noise, including heavy traffic, noisy restaurants, rock concerts, sporting events and loud music via earbuds(耳塞). Among 12- to 19-year-olds, researchers
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estimate some 17 percent show evidence of noise-induced hearing loss in one or both ears. Worse, many Americans don’t even realize their hearing has been affected. In the CDCP’s analysis of more than 3,500 hearing tests, one out of four adults claimed their hearing was just fine and reported no job-related noise, yet hearing tests indicated they already had noise-induced hearing loss. This type of damage causes a alarming drop in the ability to hear high-pitched sounds, and it was evident in those as young as 20.
“We have government standards in the workplace to protect workers from noise, but nothing protects you from a society getting noisier every year,” says audiologist Jack Scott, of the Center for Audiology, Speech, Language, and Learning at Northwestern University. Even in protected parks and wildlife areas, a recent study found that noise pollution from traffic, logging and drilling has doubled, drowning out the natural sounds of birds and rushing water.
Sarah Sydlowski, the audiology director of the hearing implant program at the Cleveland Clinic, puts the problem this way: “The baby boomer generation is dealing with skin cancer from the tanning they did as teens. This generation will have to deal with the consequences of noise exposure that damaged their hearing.” Many young adults don’t realize that hearing loss is permanent. When loud noise kills the sensitive inner-ear cells that allow us to hear, they don’t regenerate. “The hearing you have when you’re
born is all you get. Those cells can’t be replaced,” says Sydlowski says. “And the damage is cumulative（累
积的）,” adds Scott. The more often the ears are exposed to damaging noise, the more cells die, leading to damaged hearing day by day.
Part of the reason hearing damage is showing up earlier is today’s improved portable devices. The sound level 28 years ago from the Walkman, with its weak headphones, was much lower than today’s high-fidelity smartphones with earbuds that deliver louder sound much closer to the eardrum. A study that compared hearing tests of teens found the levels of mild hearing loss jumped 30 percent. But don’t just blame the earbuds, says Sydlowski. People underestimate what a safe level of sound
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is, “especially when they’re already in a noisy environment.” Both she and Scott say a common problem among their younger patients is turning up the sound in their earbuds to mask the noise around them.
To protect your hearing, follow these tips:
Turn down the volume. If you’re listening to music through your earbuds, “any volume level higher than 50 percent is risky,” says Sydlowki.
Limit your exposure. Do not attend fitness classes with deafening music (or at least move away from the speakers, advises Sydlowski) and sports stadiums with ear-splitting crowd noise.
51. _________________ 52. _________________ 53. _________________
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54. _________________ 55. _________________ 56. _________________ 57. _________________ 58. _________________ 59. _________________ 60. _________________ 【答案】51. situation 52. contributes/leads
53. trend 54. unaware/unconscious 55. protected/protection
56. heard 57. llowing/enabling 58. responsible 59. causing 60. Avoiding 【解析】
本文是最新研究结果。噪音，而不是年龄，是听力损失的主要原因。虽然听力问题在老年人中很常见，但在年轻的美国人中，日常噪音的损害正在增加，包括那些十几岁和二十几岁的人。文章分析了听力受损的原因以及保护听力的方法。 【51题详解】
概括总结。根据第一段进行概括当前形势，故答案为situation。 【52题详解】
细节定位。根据第一段第二句leading cause of转化得出，故答案为contributes/leads。 【53题详解】
概括总结。根据第一段最后一句is growing和problems are common可知答案为trend。 【54题详解】
细节定位。根据第二段最后一句don’t even realize---，可以推断出，动词和形容词短语的转化。故答案为unaware/unconscious。 【55题详解】
细节定位。第四段第一句nothing protects---转化得出。故答案为protected/protection。
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