英国文学选读 复习资料
一.Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟 时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父
2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)
3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事 (英国文学史的开端) 人文主义先驱，the father of English poetry..第一个用英语写作的诗人。 二. William Shakespeare
1.The four great tragedies by William Shakespeare are _Hamlet_, _Othello_, _King Lear_, Macbeth. 四大喜剧 是 A Midsummer Night's Dream ;As you like it ;Twelfth Night ;The merchant of Venice .
the period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟 prose 散文
1、文学特点：the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals. 清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。 2、代表人物：
1)、John Donne 约翰.多恩 The founder of the“metaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 的代表人物
代表作:Love lyrics:Songs and sonnets.The Flea. A Valediction: forbidding morning
作品特点：① strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(坦诚的态度和现实描绘)
② novelty of subject matter and point(新颖的题材和视角) ③ novelty of its form.(新颖的形式)
2)、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 a great poet 诗人 （ poem 诗歌 blank verse ） was a _radical puritan in politics and religion. 激进清教徒分子。 《Defense for the English People》为英国人辩护
《Paradise Lost》失乐园 “Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人 《Paradise Regained》复乐园
John Milton’s three great poems are _Paradise Lost_（无韵诗bland verse.故事情节来自Ole
Testament，要知道此书的them 和Satan的形象）, _Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes. （poetical drama)
the Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义
Pre-Romanticism was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution
前浪漫主义极大地影响了工业革命和法国大革命。
教育意义Educational：liberty, equality and fraternity 自由，平等，博爱 开始的标志：beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth’s 《Lyrical Ballads》抒情歌谣集
从威廉.华兹华斯发表的\抒情歌谣\开始
4、lake poets(湖畔诗人)：Coleridge, Robert Southey, Wordsworth
5、代表人物： 1)、William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯 poet-laureate (桂冠诗人) romanticism英国最伟大的诗人。自然的崇拜者。英国桂冠诗人。湖泊诗人（消极浪漫主义）题材：nature and common people's lives. Lyrical ballads抒情歌谣集（柯勒律治合编,浪漫主义宣言书）I wandered lonely as a Cloud.（最重要的）The Rime of the Ancient Mariner老船夫。Kubla Khan忽必烈汗（这两个比较重要点）Samuel Taylor Coleridge家Lyrical ballads; 。Bilgraphia Literaria文学传记（此作者不太重要）题材：Super Nature. 作品特点：simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry 11.Jane Austen’s subject matter was restricted to a narrow range of society and events, _a quiet, prosperous,middle-class circle_ in _provincial_ surroundings. Jane Austen’s novels, in order of publication, are _Sense and Sensibility__, _Pride and Prejudice_, _Mansfield Park_曼斯菲尔德望庄园 _Emma_, __Northanger Abbey_诺桑觉诗, _Persuasion_劝导. 她是中产阶级小说的发起人。 13.Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱
P. B. Shelly’s Ode to the West Wind is in the form of _terza rima_三行诗节, whose rhyme scheme is _aba,bcb,cbc,ded_. 最后两行为ee.和Byron拜伦是晚期的浪漫主义。 主要作品：《Prometheus Unbound》解放的普罗米修斯 (drama).A Defence of Poetry诗辩 Ode to her West Wind西风颂To a Skylark致云雀。The Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛。 14.John Keats’s many odes are looked upon as the greatest achievement in the history of English literature; among them are _Ode to a Nightingale_, _Ode to Autumn_, （这个最重要）_Ode on a Grecian Urn_. 希腊古瓮颂Ode on Melancholy忧郁颂（不太重要）他的诗歌没有雪莱和拜伦那么强的革命性，他的诗歌是为了缔造一个唯美的世界，为了追求美而写作的。poem “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”美学原则
15.Mary Shelley玛丽雪莱长篇小说《Frankenstein》弗兰肯斯坦，或现代普罗米修斯（恐怖作品）
Critical Realism 批判现实主义 ，Victorian Period 维多利亚时期 humanism 人文主义 1、意义：Chartism signified the first great political movement of the proletariat in English history.在英国的历史中，宪章运动是伟大的无产阶级政治运动。 2、代表人物：
Alfred, Lord Tennysony 主要作品是Ulysses尤利西斯，继华兹华斯被授予“桂冠诗人”的称号Robert Browning(第三位)。悼念集In MemoriamA.H.H是英国文学史上最长的，也是和弥尔顿、雪莱齐名最伟大的挽歌诗人。Idylls of the King国王诗歌。短诗有Break,Break,Break.Crossing the bar。此人政治态度保守，作品追求形式上的完美，富于音乐性和色彩。
Charles Dickens 狄更斯is regarded as a _Critical_ _realistic__批判现实主义 novelist. His autobiographical novel is 一、匹克威克外传（第一部长篇作品Spicy and humor）Oliver Twist奥利佛，退斯特-雾都孤儿(描写孤儿生活)_.反映小私有者悲惨生活的The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店 To expose the dark of the bourgeois, but have a warm criticism to the society 二、Christmas Tales圣诞故事集Dombey and Son 董贝父子。David Copperfield. 大卫科波菲尔（Autobiographical novel, it’s the favorite one of the author,描写了作者的大量亲身经历）。Critical the money rule of the bourgeois and the characters of the work have more social meanings.
三、A Tale of Two Cities双城记(描述了法国大革命French Revolution)。Great Expectation远大前程Hard Times艰难时事Bleak House荒凉山庄Little Dorrit小杜丽《Pickwick Papers》Have less humors and the greatest significance to the social.
特点：describing the misery and sufferings of common people.描述苦难和苦难的群众。 Charlotte Bronte 代表作 Jane Eyre
1.The criticism of the bourgeois system of education. 2.The criticism of the bourgeois system of marriage. 3.Equal rights.
Emlly Bronte 代表作 Wuthering Heights
The transition from 19th to 20th century in English literature 19到20世纪英国文学的过渡期
1、Aestheticism 唯美主义 “art for art’s sake” 为艺术而艺术 2、代表人物。