alleviation crucial further development to accelerate the process of well-off society has created a great opportunity. 18 since the Central and provincial poverty alleviation and development into the overall strategic planning, priority and \ct\cies now focus, development measures have all been clear. We want to seize the opportunity, precision application strategy, focus punch, break %upports the development of old revolutionary and a series of policy measures in areas such as infrastructure, public services, promoting high standards, support, and more opportunities for us to accelerate development, provide greater support. From provinces policy oriented see, \orming, and \ough, and \ntees, major action speed up implementation, ecological security barrier, and long East energy chemical base construction, major strategy intensive introduced, and provincial \a both\pal \nd \support\cision deployment, concentrated release has many policy good. In particular Gansu Silk Road economic belt of gold and heritage of Chinese civilization construction of advancing the innovation zone, jingchuan based advantage, create node cities and provide a broader space in core areas. From I County project resources see, national ecological civilization pilot engineering model County and cycle economic model County two a national project landing implementation, will in country province level won more support; Pingliang to jingchuan city inter fast channel, and xiping railway double track, major project into provinces plate, will further upgrade I County traffic hub and channel economic status; paper Brigade integrated body, and Zhu Jia Jian reservoir, and agricultural PV power, and gas utilization, and commodity trading and the agricultural wholesale market, and Million tonnes of controlled atmosphere fruit and freezingand drying food production line, a number of major projects implemented, handicap, Liu Lihe reservoir project work smoothly, these projects originated from the \nue to accumulate, to develop their potential in the \n-Five\during release. Orient, is to deepen the understanding of accurate. After years of the revision, development of jingchuan stand on a new historical starting point, features of economic and social development has changed significantly. Comprehensive construction of well-off society in entering the showdown to win stage, dual action and poor precision, driven by County poverty dropped from 37.5% to 11.2%. Full implementation of the \he timely realization of poverty, poor people to achieve well-off society, we must battle tasks. From the perspective of current income, poor village, the poor generally lack strong industrial support, most rely on service revenue, along with the deepening of structurareform, low skills, hard work will become increasingly difficult, labor income jump more and more关于农村义务教育现状的调查报告
近年来，越来越多的农村义务教育学校出现办学难、招生难、发展难的“三难”局面。甚至少数农村学校面临“倒闭”的窘态。为此，本人用一个月的时间对国家级贫困县的一个城郊村进行调查，出现这类情况主要是学校资金紧缺、学生的家庭教育无法落实、教师结构失调、教师质量严重滑坡、教学设施落后、办学条件较差、农村生源不足几个方面的原因。亟待各级政府高度重视。
我所调查的长冲村位于县城近郊，处于城区建设开发地区，共2600多人口，是一个大村。长冲村总共只有一所小学。176个学生（不包括学前班）、10个老师，共7个年级，每个年级一个班，每个班30个左右的学生。两座简陋的楼房和一个黄泥操场就是孩子们的活动范围。长冲小学只是所有农村贫困学校的一个缩影。通过走访调查，我发现当地教育存在的问题很多，这些问题存在的同时，也决定了农村义务教育的发展。
一、存在的问题 1、农村学校资金紧缺
现今，国家普及了九年义务教育的政策，对于广大农民群众来说，无疑是一个天大的好消息，但是对于一个没有任
alleviation crucial further development to accelerate the process of well-off society has created a great opportunity. 18 since the Central and provincial poverty alleviation and development into the overall strategic planning, priority and \ct\cies now focus, development measures have all been clear. We want to seize the opportunity, precision application strategy, focus punch, break %upports the development of old revolutionary and a series of policy measures in areas such as infrastructure, public services, promoting high standards, support, and more opportunities for us to accelerate development, provide greater support. From provinces policy oriented see, \orming, and \ough, and \ntees, major action speed up implementation, ecological security barrier, and long East energy chemical base construction, major strategy intensive introduced, and provincial \a both\pal \nd \support\cision deployment, concentrated release has many policy good. In particular Gansu Silk Road economic belt of gold and heritage of Chinese civilization construction of advancing the innovation zone, jingchuan based advantage, create node cities and provide a broader space in core areas. From I County project resources see, national ecological civilization pilot engineering model County and cycle economic model County two a national project landing implementation, will in country province level won more support; Pingliang to jingchuan city inter fast channel, and xiping railway double track, major project into provinces plate, will further upgrade I County traffic hub and channel economic status; paper Brigade integrated body, and Zhu Jia Jian reservoir, and agricultural PV power, and gas utilization, and commodity trading and the agricultural wholesale market, and Million tonnes of controlled atmosphere fruit and freezingand drying food production line, a number of major projects implemented, handicap, Liu Lihe reservoir project work smoothly, these projects originated from the \nue to accumulate, to develop their potential in the \n-Five\during release. Orient, is to deepen the understanding of accurate. After years of the revision, development of jingchuan stand on a new historical starting point, features of economic and social development has changed significantly. Comprehensive construction of well-off society in entering the showdown to win stage, dual action and poor precision, driven by County poverty dropped from 37.5% to 11.2%. Full implementation of the \he timely realization of poverty, poor people to achieve well-off society, we must battle tasks. From the perspective of current income, poor village, the poor generally lack strong industrial support, most rely on service revenue, along with the deepening of structurareform, low skills, hard work will become increasingly difficult, labor income jump more and more何资金收入的农村小学来说，这无疑是雪上加霜。因为农村的教育经费主要由县财政拨款，财政拨款一方面比较少，另一方面本应用于教育的经费却在政府部门的流转中大量流失。 当学生上学不交任何费用，则断了农村学校“学杂费”这个唯一的资金收入，没有一点经济来源，学校各个机关就不可能正常运作，学校就有可能面临着关门的危险。 2、学生的家庭教育无法落实
在调查中了解到，长冲村当地村民的平均年收入在2000元左右，村民较贫困。所以在农闲季节，大部分学生家长往往选择外出打工，而把孩子留给自己的爷爷、奶奶照管，有的父母甚至在孩子一两岁时就将其放在家中，而外出打工。留守儿童的现象比较严重，长冲小学每三个学生中就有一个是留守儿童。家庭教育的重要程度要比学校教育的重要程度高，而农村教育恰恰忽略了家庭教育的重要性，忽视了家庭教育在孩子成长中的作用。很多家长为了能多挣钱，把自己的孩子留给文化比自己还差甚至几乎没有文化的长辈，这无疑是不可取的，甚至会导致恶性循环。更何况，农村人的文化整体水平较差，文化知识相对较弱。 3、教师结构失调，教师质量严重滑坡
我所调查的长冲小学，共有老师10个。由于老师少、负担重，普遍存在一个老师兼上六七门课程甚至一个老
alleviation crucial further development to accelerate the process of well-off society has created a great opportunity. 18 since the Central and provincial poverty alleviation and development into the overall strategic planning, priority and \ct\cies now focus, development measures have all been clear. We want to seize the opportunity, precision application strategy, focus punch, break %upports the development of old revolutionary and a series of policy measures in areas such as infrastructure, public services, promoting high standards, support, and more opportunities for us to accelerate development, provide greater support. From provinces policy oriented see, \orming, and \ough, and \ntees, major action speed up implementation, ecological security barrier, and long East energy chemical base construction, major strategy intensive introduced, and provincial \a both\pal \nd \support\cision deployment, concentrated release has many policy good. In particular Gansu Silk Road economic belt of gold and heritage of Chinese civilization construction of advancing the innovation zone, jingchuan based advantage, create node cities and provide a broader space in core areas. From I County project resources see, national ecological civilization pilot engineering model County and cycle economic model County two a national project landing implementation, will in country province level won more support; Pingliang to jingchuan city inter fast channel, and xiping railway double track, major project into provinces plate, will further upgrade I County traffic hub and channel economic status; paper Brigade integrated body, and Zhu Jia Jian reservoir, and agricultural PV power, and gas utilization, and commodity trading and the agricultural wholesale market, and Million tonnes of controlled atmosphere fruit and freezingand drying food production line, a number of major projects implemented, handicap, Liu Lihe reservoir project work smoothly, these projects originated from the \nue to accumulate, to develop their potential in the \n-Five\during release. Orient, is to deepen the understanding of accurate. After years of the revision, development of jingchuan stand on a new historical starting point, features of economic and social development has changed significantly. Comprehensive construction of well-off society in entering the showdown to win stage, dual action and poor precision, driven by County poverty dropped from 37.5% to 11.2%. Full implementation of the \he timely realization of poverty, poor people to achieve well-off society, we must battle tasks. From the perspective of current income, poor village, the poor generally lack strong industrial support, most rely on service revenue, along with the deepening of structurareform, low skills, hard work will become increasingly difficult, labor income jump more and more师“包办”所有科目的情况。教师老龄化现象也非常严重，其中45岁—50岁的老师占总比例的90%。同时，学校任教的老师大多是以前的民办教师后来经过转正培训的公办教师，他们的第一学历通常都是中专到高中水平。由于民办教师、老教师知识层次低，缺乏一定的专业基础知识和相应的教育理论知识，且绝大部分教师不会英语，不懂微机操作，带来教育思想、教育观念、教学手段等方面的老化，有时不能按照教学大纲的规定全面开课，教育质量得不到保证。 4、教学设施落后，办学条件较差
通过走访调查中我们得知至少有一半的村民认为长冲村教育问题主要在于学校教学条件差。的确，从整体上看，农村小学的硬件设施建设相对滞后。长冲小学位于山坡上，一栋三层楼的教学楼和一栋两层楼的危房紧紧相邻，两座建筑面对的便是简陋的黄泥操场，这也是孩子们唯一的活动场所。同时长冲小学既没有电脑、语音教室等先进的教学设备，也没有图书馆和实验室等培养学生创造性思维的场所。虽然全国小学统一都要开设美术、音乐、舞蹈课和计算机课，但长冲小学因为缺乏师资或者设备不齐全，这些课程基本都是形同虚设，即使开设了这些课程，也只是走走形式。
5、农村生源不足，学校举步维艰