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农村义务教育政策落实的现状、问题与对策研究
目 录
1.1问题的提出背景...................................................................................................... 4 1.2研究目的和意义...................................................................................................... 4 1.2.1研究目的............................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2研究意义............................................................................................................... 4 1.3研究内容与方法...................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1研究内容............................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2研究方法............................................................................................................... 5 2.1农村义务教育概述.................................................................................................. 5 2.1.1义务教育与农村义务教育的概念....................................................................... 5 2.1.2义务教育特征....................................................................................................... 6 2.2我国农村义务教育供给政策的历史沿革.............................................................. 6 2.2.1政府统筹管理、社会集资办学阶段(1949 -1978).............................................. 6 2.2.2以地方政府为供给主体和多渠道集资办学阶段(1985-1993)........................... 6 2.2.3分税制阶段(1994-2000)....................................................................................... 7 2.2.4以县为主的供给主体阶段(2001-2005)............................................................... 7 2.2.5经费统筹，管理以县为主的阶段(2005年至今) ............................................... 7 3.1农村义务教育经费供给效率不高.......................................................................... 8 3.1.1教职工结构不合理............................................................................................... 8 3.1.2投资结构不合理................................................................................................... 8 3.1.3物力资源利用率低............................................................................................... 8 3.2供给政策执行不到位.............................................................................................. 9 3.2.1 “两免一补”政策在有些地方并未落实.......................................................... 9 3.2.2学校乱收费现象时有发生................................................................................... 9 3.3农村义务教育学校推进教育现代化难度较大...................................................... 9 4. 1增加农村义务教育政府供给数量 ....................................................................... 10 4.1.1加大国家财政性教育经费投入占国民生产总值的比例................................. 10 4. 1. 2建立合理的农村义务教育公共财政投入体制............................................... 10 4. 2合理配置农村义务教育资金 ............................................................................... 10 4.2.1设置农村义务教育硬件维修专项费用............................................................. 10 4.2.2设置农村教师培训专项费用............................................................................. 11 4.2.3设置稳定农村教师队伍等专项费用................................................................. 11
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4.3加快城乡一体化学校建设步伐，推进农村教育现代化建设............................ 11 4.3.1同一标准规划城乡学校建设............................................................................. 11 4.3.2加快推进农村学校教育现代化建设................................................................. 12
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摘 要
在国家加大对农村义务教育供给力度的今天，农村孩子上学难的问题己得到基本的缓解。由于历史原因，农村义务教育发展水平远远落后于城市，严重影响了农村经济的发展，影响了整个国民素质的提高。要促进农村经济的发展，必须提高农村义务教育的质量。本文分析了农村义务教育政策落实的现状及存在的问题，探讨了完善我国农村义务教育政府供给的对策和建议，希望对提高农村义务教育的质量，实现教育公平起到一定的促进作用。
关键词：农村义务教育；公共产品；政府供给
ABSTRACT
The government has increased the supply of compulsory education in the countryside, so the problem of rural children have no chance to go to school have been solved. Because of the historic reason, the countryside compulsory education has fallen behind the civic one, it has restricted the economy developments of the countryside, it has affected the whole national quality enhancements. In order to promote the countryside development, we must enhance the quality of the countryside compulsory education. This paper has analyzed some questions about government supplies in the countryside compulsory education. It gives some advices to consummate the government supply in rural compulsory education，I hope that those measures can enhance the quality of the countryside compulsory education and achieve education fair.
Key Word: countryside compulsory education；government supply；public product