Fruit（水果）-----fruits （各种水果）
五． 有些物质名词的单，复数形式表示不同的意义。
Water（水）—waters （海水或河水） green （ 绿色）----- greens（青菜）
专项训练3
1． There was ____ mud on the ground after the heavy rain. A. any B. many C. much D. lot of 2. I need ____ scissors to cut the paper.
A. a B. a pair of C. a piece of D. two 3. Don’t eat _____ chocolate. It’s bad to your teeth.
A. too much B. so much C. too many D. so many 4. We need huge amounts of _____ about computers.
A. books B. notes C. newspapers D. information 5. We have ____ in our new flat.
A. much furniture B. many furnitures C. plenty furniture D. a lot of furnitures 6. You may find _____ rubbish at a building site.
A many B. a lot of C. plenty D. amount of 7. Mr. and Mrs. Green are a happy ______.
A. pair B. group C. couple D. people 8. Electrical appliances are powered by ______
A. electric B. electricity C. electricititys D. electricities 9. Would the students like to have a discussion on _____ in class? A. pollution B. pollutions C. a pollution D. some pollutions 10. What _____ we are having today!
A. such a nice weather B. a nice weather C. so nuce a weather D. nice weather
第四讲 名词所有格
英语名词所有格表示所属关系，它分为’s 所有格和 of 所有格两种。如 Dick’s hobby, the capital of Beijing 一．’s所有格
一般情况下，非s 结尾的名词所有格是在词尾加’s. 如 Mary’s, Bob’s；以s 结尾的复数名词所有格直接在其后加’ 如parents’ . 其用法如下：
1. ’s 所有格主要用于有生命的东西。如 my father’s tie, the cat’s ears
2. 有时也用于无生命的东西，这种情况主要用于表示时间，地点，国家，距离，
自然现象等。如：two days’ trip ten minutes’ walk China’s weather the city’s parks the earth’s air
3. 表示两人或多人共有的一样东西时，只在后面的名词前加’; 如果为各自所有，
两个名词前都要加’; Tony and John’s bedroom. Tom’s and Suan’s fathers 4. 表示店铺，医院，学校，住宅及公共建筑时， 名词所有格后常常不出现它所
修饰的名词。如：at the doctor’s (office)
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I’m planning to go to my uncle’s (home) this weekend.
5. 含有else 的’s. else常用于不定代词，疑问代词或疑问副词之后，表示“另外，其他”， 其所有格形式为else’s. 如This book is not mine. It must be someone else’s. 二．of 所有格的用法：
1． 表示无生命的东西的所有关系。如： The door of the house is broken. 2． 表示名词化的词的所有关系。如：
The life of the poor is the biggest problem in this country.
3．of 所有格也可用于有生命的人物， 有时也可以与’s所有格互换。如
Mr Smith’s daughter = the daughter of Mr Smith
4．当’s 所有格表示类别或来源时， 通常不能换成 of 所有格。如 Women’s clothes Mary’s telephone number
三． 双重所有格
双重所有格就是把of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起表示所有关系的结构。主要用法如下：
1．当被修饰的名词前有指示代词，疑问代词，不定代词或数词等限定词修饰时， 一般用双重所有格，有时带有感情色彩。 I don’t like that big nose of David’s.
Several friends of my father’s came to visit us yesterday. 2．比较以下两种表达在含义上的区别
a photo of Mary’s玛丽收藏的一张照片 a photo of Mary 玛丽的一张照片
专项训练4
1. Li Dong is a friend of my _____. We often play card games together. A. brother B. brothers C. brothers’s D. brother’s 2. The children enjoyed themselves at the ______ Palace.
A. Childs’ B. Children C. Children’s D. Childrens’ 3. It’s twenty ____ walk from my home to school.
A. minute B. minutes C. minute’s D. minutes’ 4. Is there any news in ____ newspaper?
A. today B. today’s C. todays’ D. today of 5. ____ explosive was used making roads.
A. Nobel’s B. Nobels’ C. Nobel D. The Nobel’s 6. Tm’s and Peter’s ______ are good friends.
A. father B. Father C. fathers D. Fathers 7. My scarf is softer than _____
A. Kitty B. Kitty’s C. Kittys D. Kittys’ 8. Susan and Betty live in the same flat. It is ____
A. Sasan and Betty B. Susan’s and Betty C. Susan and Betty’s D. Susan’s and Betty’s 9. Three- fours of ___ surface is covered with water.
A. the earth’s B. the earth C. earth’s D. the earth’s 10. ---What have you finished? --- I have finished ______
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A. a day work B. a day’s work C. day’s working D. a-day-work
综合训练
一．选择与下列句子中划线部分意义最接近的单词或短语：
A. nap B. author C. square D. creature E. characters 1. The twins have different personalities. 2. We usually have a short sleep after lunch. 3. Do you know who the writer of the book is? 4. What’s that strange living thing with eight arms? 5. Many people gather in the four-sided area on Sunday.
二．用所给单词的适当形式填空， 每空限添一词： 1． Here’s an __________for you. ( invite)
2. Old John suffered from the __________. ( ill)
3. The children should learn about road __________.( save) 4. ________ is the most important thing for a person. ( honest) 5. Mr. Carter showed us his _________ of stamps. ( collect)
6. Professor Qian made a __________ at yesterday’s meeting.(speak)
7. Radio was a wonderful __________. Marconi was its ____________. ( invent) 8. Do you think computers will completely take the place of __________? ( human) 9. Last Friday afternoon my father saw a bank ____________ with his own eyes. (rob) 10. Billy delivered newspapers and saved some of the money
for his college________ (expensive)
四． 选择方框内的单词，并用它的适当形式填空， 每空限添一词。
mix wise speak manage important 1. _________ comes with experience. 2. Mr. Smith tok his _________ advice. 3. Air is a ____________ of gases.
4. Do you realize the ___________ of this question?
5. The sound of a radio or TV comes from the ____________.
vary excite person pollute medical 1. This is a good kind of __________ for colds. 2. The new law will reduce __________ of the air.
3. The children could not hide their ____________ on Christmas Eve.
4. Kitty and Alice are good friends because their _________ are the similar.
5. There’s so much ____________ in my new job. I do something different every day!
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代 词
代替名词，名词性词组或由上下文的意境可推知的人或事物的词叫代词。代词在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。初中常见的代词可分为人称代词，物主代词，指示代词，疑问代词，反身代词和不定代词等。
第一讲 人称代词，物主代词和反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 一单 I me my 一复 we us our 二单 you you your 二复 you you your 三单 he she him her his her it it its 三复 they them their mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves 专 项 训 练 1
一．用适当的人称代词或物主代词填空：
1. This is a boy. --------is twelve years old. ---------name is Tom. I like ------. Look! What’s ------ doing? ------ is playing football.
2. That is a girl. -------name is Jane. ----- is in Class 4, Grade 7. Is -------drawing a picture?
Yes, ------- is. Please give the ruler to ------.
3. This is a cat. ----------name is Mimi. ----- is two months old. Look! What’s -----doing?
-------is running after a mouse. ----- host likes ------ very much. ----- is eating ----- prey（猎物）.
4. You are a student. ----name is Jim. What class are ----- in? Does ------ teacher like ------ ?
I think your teacher likes -------- very much, because ---- are a hard-working student. 5. Look at those students! What are ----- doing? Oh, ----- are playing games. ---- teachers don’t like ---- at all because ------ are a little naughty(淘气).
6. David and I are good friends. --- are in the same class. ---------respect(尊敬) ----------teacher and he loves ---- very much. ---------classroom is very big.
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