2019高考英语北京卷语法填空精细解析
黑龙江绥化一中 高云峰
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 1 (voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously 2 (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to 3 (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
B
Earth Day, 4 (mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 5 1970,the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various 6 (activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree,make a meal with locally grown vegetables,or save power—the possibilities are endless.
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question 7 (suggest)that,for most students,it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go. The students benefiting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged(参与)in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 (meaning)college experience.
【第1题】动词处理题
解题逻辑思路:动词处理题首分大方向(谓与非谓之分)。voice(表达)是本句中唯一动词,那么它就是谓语动词。谓语动词的处理要全覆盖考虑4件事(简称谓4项)——时态、语态、主谓一致及动宾关系。根据前一句的时间提示可知该动作是一个过去的动作,记述过去动作应该使用一般过去时,主动语态,答
1
案为voiced。
【第2题】动词处理题
解题逻辑思路:动词处理题首分大方向(谓与非谓之分)。分析句子结构可见整个句子由两部分组成,由逗号隔开,但是之间没有连词,第二部分是句子结构,所以依此判断推出第一部分中的动词为非谓语动词,作时间状语。非谓语动词作状语的基本规律是:目的/未来是to do;主动doing被动done。所以答案为
facing。
【第3题】代词处理题
解题逻辑思路:给定代词填空题,根据语言结构填入4格之一即可——主/宾/所/反。该句所填代词作介词
to的宾语,又反指主语“我”本身,所以必须填入其反身格形式myself。
【第4题】动词处理题
解题逻辑思路:动词处理题首分大方向(谓与非谓之分)。分析全句结构可见:is是谓语动词,动词mark(纪念;庆祝)与谓语动词is之间无连词,推出它不可能是谓语,即为非谓语动词。具体的看,mark短语作Earth Day的非限制性定语。非谓语动词作定语的基本规律是:目的未来是to do;主动doing被动
done。显而易见Earth Day与mark(纪念,庆祝)之间是被动关系,所以答案必须是marked。
【第5题】介词填入题
解题逻辑思路:时间名词前填入介词构成介词短语作时间状语,介词的选择取决于时间名词。年份前通常加介词in。本题是该语法填空中最简单试题。
【第6题】名词处理题
解题逻辑思路:名词处理题只需处理两件事——单复数/泛特指。根据语言环境,所填名词activity(活动)为可数名词,其前有various(各种)修饰,所以应该使用其复数形式activities。
【第7题】动词处理题
解题逻辑思路:动词处理题首分大方向(谓与非谓之分)。分析该句子的结构可见that-从句为宾语从句,
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前面的动词为主句中唯一动词,为主句谓语动词。谓语动词的处理要全覆盖考虑4件事(简称谓4项)——时态、语态、主谓一致及动宾关系。根据三邻句的语言环境,可知suggest(表明)动作存在的时间依然指现在,所以应该使用一般现在时,再结合主谓一致的考虑,标准答案为suggests。注意此题不可以用一般过去时,因为一般过去时专指过去时段的事件说明,与现在无关!
【第8题】连词填入题
解题逻辑思路:填入的连词由它的意思和逻辑关系决定。What students do at college seems to matter
much more than 8 they go.全句意思是:学生们在大学里怎么做似乎要比他们选择去什么地方(大
学)重要得多。可见填入的连词意思是“什么地方”,故答案为填入连词where。
【第9题】句子关系题 → 定语从句题
整句意思是:“在大学里受益最大的学生是那些全心投入于学术活动,充分利用大学提供的机会和资源的人。”分析该句子的语义逻辑和结构可见,整个句子由两个分句组成:① The students benefiting most from
college are those;② …are totally engaged(参与)in academic life , taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源). 所以按英语的语法规律必用一个连接词;同时明显可见,第二
个分句的作用是限定说明第一个句子中的代词those(那些人)的,所以第二分句为它的定语从句。定语从句缺主语,表示人,所以填入一个关系代词who。注意不要填入关系代词that,习惯上先行词是those的时候不用that。
【第10题】词性转换题(名-形转换)
所给的词meaning为名词,意思是“意义”,在句中有并列连词and并列连接了healthy和所填词共同作定语修饰后面的名词college experience,因此需要填入其形容词形式meaningful。
【全题小结】北京高考英语语法填空试题和全国卷(三套)一样均以考查动词运用为主,保持在4个(2个谓语动词题1/7+2个非谓语动词2/4),今年的第1、2、4、7题都是动词处理题,占语法填空全题比重为40%。此外今年的语法考点还有以往高考试题中高频多见的其它考点:代词处理题第3题;介词填入题
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