初一下册英语第四单元讲义unit 4 语法篇

Unit 4 语法篇

祈使句

一、祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。

二、祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型: 1.行为动词原形+其它成分。例如:

Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。

2. Be动词+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如: Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。 3. Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分。例如: Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。 三.祈使句的否定句式

祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never,一般分为以下四种类型: 1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Do’t,构成『Don’t+行为动词原形+其它成分』。例如: Don’t say that again!别再那样说了!

2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t,构成『Don’t be+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)』。例如:Don’t be careless.不要粗心。

注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。

3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种:

(1)Let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在Let前加Don’t,也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。

(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句,必须在Let’s后加not。例如:

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Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。

Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她,都不要告诉她真相。

4.在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用『No+名词/V-ing形式』结构,表示『禁止做某事』。例如:

NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照! 四.祈使句的反意问句

祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式: 1.祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用won」t you。例如:

Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信,好吗? Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗?

2.祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如: Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?

3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Let’s用shall we外,其它均用will you。例如: Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走,好吗? Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?

晚饭后我们去散步,好吗?

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情态动词

must和have to 情态动词 用法 must 例句 表示“必须,应该”之意,语气比should,1. You must come to school on time. ought to强烈。其否定形式mustn’t表示“不2. Everybody must obey the law. 准,不应该,禁止”等意 3. You mustn’t drive so fast in the street. 4. We mustn’t waste any more time. 在回答带有must的问句时,否定回答常用1.—Must I come back before ten? needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”,而 —Yes,you must.(No, you needn’t) 不用mustn’t 表示有把握的推测,意为“一定、准是、相必”,只用于肯定句中 have to have to 1. It must be my mother. 2. You must be hungry after a walk. 3. There must be a hole in the wall. “必须,不得不”,意义与must相近。但1. The film is not interesting. I really must go now. must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要。 2. I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital. must只有一种形式,即现在式与过去式都1.I had to work hard when I was your age. 是一种形式,而have to则涉及各种人称、2.I will have to learn how to use a computer. 时态等方面的变化形式。 3.In order to take the exam, we’ll have to finish the whole book by the end of this month . 两者的否定意义不同,mustn’t表示“禁止,1. You mustn’t go there. 不许”,don’t have to表示不必。 2. You don’t have to go there.

1. Look! The traffic light has turned red. We _____ stop our car.

A. can

B. can’t

C. must

D. mustn’t

2. Nowadays .all passengers go through safety check before take a train. A. can

B. may

C. must

D. will

3. —Mr. Wang, must I come again to clean the classroom on Sunday? —No, you____ . I have asked Kate to do it. A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. shouldn’t

4. Daniel, ___ play with the mobile phone while you're walking in the street. A. don't

B. doesn't

C. won't

D. can't

5. kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in. A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been 6. ________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes. A. Not to read B. Don’t read

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C. Don’t to read D. Not read

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