魔法英语语法第十二章直接引语和间接引语
引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语（Direct Speech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语（Indirect Speech），即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。 一、 直接引语变间接引语 A． 陈述句的间接引语
直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。 The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告诉我：我很喜欢北京。 → The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much. 那老外告诉我说他（她）很喜欢北京。
She said,We are very fond of sports. 她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。
→ She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。
I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,he said. 他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。
→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。（that可省略） B． 疑问句的间接引语
1．一般疑问句和反意疑问句
一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know等。句末不用问号。
My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？
→ My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
You haven't been to Beijing, have you asked he. 他问：你没去过北，是吗？ → He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing. 他问我是否去过北京。 2．否定的一般疑问句和选择问句
如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whether?or 连接。
She said, Don't you know my telephone number 她说：你难道不知道我的电话号码吗？ → She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 她问我是知道她的电话号码。 Do you like this one or that one Tom asked. 汤姆问：你是喜欢这个还是那个？
→ Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. 汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。 3．特殊疑问句
间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。
He asked, How do you like it 他问：你觉得怎样？ → He asked me how I liked it. 他问我觉得它怎样。
She asked me, What's the matter with you 她问我：你怎么啦？ → She asked me what was the matter with me. 她问我我怎么啦。 How many books do you have she asked. 她问：你有多少本书？ → She asked me how many books I had. 她问我有多少本。 4.其它
英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、劝告、建议等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时，往往采用其他的形式。
①．suggest doing
Shall we all go to the film tonight said Michael. 迈克尔说：我们今晚都去看电影，好吗？ → Michael suggested going to the film tonight. 迈克尔建议今晚都去看电影。 What about having a drink he asked. 他问：喝杯怎么样？ He suggested having a drink. 他建议喝一杯。 ②．advise sb to do
Why don't you go hiking asked James. 詹姆士问：你为什么不徒步旅行？ James advised me to go hiking. 詹姆士建议我去徒步旅行。 ③. offer to do
He said, Would you like me to post the letter 他说：你要我寄信吗？ He offered to ost the letter. 他主动提出寄信。 ④．ask sb to do
Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow she said to me. 她对我说：劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗？
→ She asked me to take my reference book there the next day. 她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。
C． 祈使句的间接引语
1．直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request等词，句中please去掉。
She said to me, Please have a rest. 她对我说：请休息一下。 → She asked me to have a rest. 她要求我休息一下。
Don't all answer at once, she said to the pupils. 她对学生说：大家不要齐声回答。→ She told the pupils not to answer all at once. 她叫学生不要齐声回答。
2．带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令），可用suggest + -ing形式或suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意思。
Let's go for a walk, said the girl. 那姑娘说，让我们去散散步吧。 → The girl suggested going for a walk. 这女孩建议去散散步。
The teacher sai, Let Lily tidy the classroom. 老师说：让莉莉整理教室。
→ The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom. 老师建议让莉莉整理教室。 D． 感叹句的间接引语
1．直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。
What a clever boy you are!my teacher said to him. 老师对他说，你是个聪明的孩子啊！ → My teacher told him what a clever boy he was. 老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。 → My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy. 老师说他是一个非常聪明的孩子。 He said, How well you look! 他说：你看起来气色多好啊！ → He said how well I looked. 他说我看起来是气色多好啊。 → He said that I ooked very well. 他说我看起来气色很好。
2．有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思，采用适当的动词变为陈述句，不需用间接宾语来转述。 Help! he cried. 他喊到：救命啊！ → He called for help. 他大声呼救。
What terrible weather it is!he said. 他说：多么糟糕的天气！
→ He complained about the terrible weather. 他抱怨这糟糕的天气。
Happy Chrismas! he said. 他说：圣诞快乐！
He wished me a happy Christmas. 他祝我圣诞快乐。 二、 间接引语中的词语变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时间和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的变化。 A． 时态的变化 1．时态的变化
①现在时间推移到过去时间 直接引语中的时态 一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 现在完成进行时 间接引语中的时态 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去完成进行时
The old man said, I have lived in this street since 1960.
→The old man said that he had lived in that street since 1960. 那老人说他自从196年起就住在那条街上了。
He said, Is it raining
→ He asked if it was raining. 他问是不是正在下雨。 ②过去时间推移到过去的过去 直接引语中的时态 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时
间接引语中的时态 过去完成时
过去完成时（不变） 过去完成进行时或不变
She said to me, I wrote a letter to my parents three days ago.
→She told me that she had written a letter to her parents three days before.她告诉我她三天前已给她母亲写了一封信。
What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday he asked
→ He asked me what I was doing at seven p.m. the day before. 他问我前一天晚上七点在干什么。
③将来时间推移到过去将来时间 直接引语中的时态 一般将来时
isamare going to do isamare to do
间接引语中的时态