初一英语(培优)
词性转换
训练导语
1．动词转换成名词的一些规则。
（1）动词+er: sing?singer speak?speaker work?worker follow?follower
teach?teacher play?player think?thinker
clean?cleaner wait?waiter draw?drawer
perform?performer own?owner
discover?discoverer fight?fighter
但须注意，有些动词转换成名词时，需要重复其词尾的辅音字母，然后再加er，如win?winner；run?runner；begin?beginner。如以e结尾的动词变为名词时，直接加r，如drive?driver; dance?dancer; write?writer; love?lover; use?user; lose?loser; computer?computer; manage?manager.
（2）动词+ing: cook?cooking build?building mean?meaning live?living.
（3）动词+ion： Invent?invention pollute?pollution。
（4）同时的动词和名词： water（浇水）?water（水）
change（变成）?change（变化，零线） 2．形容词转换成副词的一些规则。
（1）形容词+ly： slow?slowly （2）变y为i+ly： busy?busily
happy?happily
easy?easily
quick?quickly
cover（覆盖）?cover（封面，盖子）
discuss?discussion
但须注意，有些以e结尾的动词变为名词时，先去e再加ion，如operate?operation；
sing?singing read?reading draw?drawing
paint?painting spell?spelling
understand?understanding
但须注意，有些以e结尾的动词变为名词时，先去e再加ing，如write?writing；
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初一英语(培优)
（3）词尾ble改为bly： terrible?terribly
train(形容词)?fast ?(副词)?nearly?near(附近) ?
nearly(几乎)??hard??workworkers(形容词)hard(副词)horrible?horribly
（4）同形的形容词和副词：
3．英语中有些副词有两种形式，但其意义不同。
?hard(努力) ??hardly(几乎不)?late(迟) ?lately(最近)?4．名词转换成形容词的一些规则。
（1）名词+ful： use?useful care?careful cheer?cheerful （2）名词+ly： friend?friendly （3）名词+y： cloud?cloudy
rain?rainy
health?healthy
luck?lucky
但须注意，个别名词需要重复某词末的辅音字母，再加y，如sun?sunny；fun?funny。 （4）以词尾ce结尾的名词变为t： difference?different （1）动词+able: change?changeable （2）动词+ful： use?useful （3）变y为i+ed： worry?worried （1）形容词+ness： ill?illness （2）形容词+y： honest?honesty
difficult?difficulty
7．词性转换题需要注意的几个问题：
（1）判断所给词的词性。
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help?helpful thank?thankful
peace?peaceful skill?skillful
success?successful harm?harmful
love?lovely（love既可以作动词又可以作名词）
importance?important
5．动词转换成形容词的一些规则：
suit?suitable help?helpful marry?married
enjoy?enjoyable thank?thankful
hate?hateful
6．形容词转换成名词的一些规则：
kind?kindness
weak?weakness
但须注意，有些形容词变为名词时，先把y改成i后再加ness，如happy?happiness。
初一英语(培优)
（2）根据句子结构，判断句子画线部分所需要填入词的词性。 （3）掌握词性转换的一般规则和特殊情况。 （4）做完题后，应认真通读一遍。
专项训练
?Ⅰ．词性转换：
1．apology 3．clean
5．correct (n.) (v.) (a.) (v.) 2．build 4．close (v.) (m.) (a.) (v.) (a.)
_________
(n.)
(v.) _________ (a.) 6．different
7.．real (a.) _________ (ad.) 8．difficult (a.) 9．certain (a.) (ad.) 10．east (n.) 11．fast (a.) (ad.) 12．foolish (a.) 13．friend (n.) (a.) 14．hurry (n.) 15．love (v.) (a.) 16．mix (v.) 17．operation (n.) (v.) 18．physics (n.) 19．sun (n.) (a.) 20．teacher (n.) 21．wide (a.) (ad.) 22．win (v.) 23．worry (v.) (a.) 24．write (v.) 25．travel (v.) (n.) 26．cloud (n.) 27．color (n.) (a.) 28．weigh (v.) 29．safe (a.) (n.) 30．fun (n.) 31．terrible (a.) (ad.) 32．liberate (v.) 33．foreign (a.) (n.) 34．clear (a.) 35．change (v.) (n.)
36．angry
(a.) Ⅱ．用所给单词的适当形式填空，使句子通顺正确： 1．help:
(1)He often his brother with his English.
(2)Robots can do a lot of things. They are very to us. (3)Thanks for your kind .
(4)I can’t thinking that he may not come. 2．English:
(1)The letter is written in . (2)An in dark blue is waiting for you.
(3)Did you learn to speak English when you were in ? (4)Two students will visit our school tomorrow. 3．meet:
(1)He is always late for .
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(n.) (a.) (n.) (v.) (n.) (a.) (v.) (n.) (n.) (a.) (n.) (a.) (n.) (ad.) (ad.)
初一英语(培优)
(2)I will you at the airport tomorrow. (3)She felt nervous to speak at the .
(4)We hold a sports every spring and autumn. 4．know:
(1)The professor has a wide of history. (2)I used to him to be an honest man. (3)The young scientist is in the world. (4)He a lot though he is only five. 5．use:
(1)You can my pen if you can’t find yours. (2)We to have a walk after supper. (3)English is a language.
(4)You should learn the of the computer as son as possible. 6．fish:
(1)My father often goes on Sundays. (2)I like better than meat.
(3)Don’t in the lake. It’s dangerous. (4)The often catches many fish in the river. 7．break:
(1)A thief into the house and took some money away last night. (2)Do you know how the window was ? (3)They often play table tennis during the .
(4)When I passed by the room. I found one of the windows . 8．sleep:
(1)When I got home, he had fallen . (2)I for six hours last night.
(3)He found it very difficult to get to . (4)He is in bed. 9．bad:
(1)He was wounded in the arm.
(2)That’s not a idea. Let’s go swimming now. (3)This is the film I have ever seen. (4)Is there anything than war? 10．invent:
(1)Among those , which do you think is the most useful one? (2)Thomas Edison electric lights and over one thousand other items.
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初一英语(培优)
(3)Benjamin Franklin was one of the greatest in the world. (4)Do you know something about the of paper-making? 11．own:
(1)At the age of fifteen, he built a lab of his . (2)Though he is young, yet he a lot of money. (3)I won’t believe it until I see it with my eyes. (4)The lost watch has been returned to its . 12．speak:
(1)That is a professor from Shanghai University. (2)May I to you for a moment?
(3)Do you know who will make a at the meeting? (4)I’m surprised that his English is so good. 13．thank::
(1)He wrote a letter of to the hospital for saving his sick baby. (2)I want to you for your kindness to me.
(3)The farmers were very to the seagulls because they had saved their crops. (4) for your advice. 14．complete::
(1)Do you know whether the railway is ? (2)Finally the ice in the room disappears . (3)I think that it is a success. (4)Both of you are wrong. 15．usual:
(1)She got up earlier today than . (2)It is to see snow in Australia. (3)What time do you go to school? (4)The classroom was not as clean as . 16．German:
(1)He is a scientist.
(2)The old scientist comes from . (3)Three were killed in the fight. (4) is taught in the school. 17．rain:
(1)Do you have plenty of in your hometown? (2)He plays inside on days. (3)It often in summer in the south.
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