定语从句与高考
定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有：
1.关系代词who, which, that, whom, as, whose的基本用法。 2.关系副词when, where, why的基本用法。 3.定语从句中关系词的特殊用法。
4.定语从句中“介词＋关系代词”介词的确定。 5. which/ as引导的非限制性定语从句的区别。 一、定语从句的分类
限制性 定语从句 定语从句
非限制性 定语从句
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
区别一：形式不同
限定性定语从句主句和从句之间 不用 逗号隔开；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常____用___逗号隔开。 区别二：功能不同
限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意____不明确___；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意 不影响 。如：
People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)
比较下面的两个句子：
I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 区别三：翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如： He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 区别四：关系词不同
关系词that和why可用于__限制性__定语从句中，通常不用于__非限制性___定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时____可以 _省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律 不能省略 。 区别五：先行词不同
限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词、名词词组或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是____整个句子_；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用 非限制性 定语从句，而不用___限制性 定语从句。如：
He changed his mind, which made me very angry. (which指整个主句)
Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. (先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. (先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 自主学习
任务I：分析考点
真题感悟1：
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1. (2018全国卷1)Two of the authors of the review made a study published in 2014 which/that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease.
2. (2017全国卷1)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, which is not good for the health.
3. (2019全国卷2) Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, which she opened with her husband Les.
4..... when the government starts a soil-testing program which/that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers. 5. They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for the animals.
6. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models ,wants to prove (prove) that she has brains.
7. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucious, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
8. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth which/that gives off light in the dark.
9. Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
10. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 11. Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 12. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in which she distributed it to children 13. Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children， as is quite unexpected. 14. __As__ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
15. A company ___whose__ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. 总结归纳：关系代词who, which, that, whom, as, whose在定语从句中的基本用法 真题感悟1所有考题要求填空的都是检查引导定语从句的关系代词（副词/代词）
定语从句中的关系代词有：that(指代人和物），在句子中做主/宾/表语 (主语/宾语/表语）which(指代物）在句子中做主/宾/表语, who(指代人），在句子中做主语; whom指代人在句子中做宾语; whose指代人/物，在句子中做定语; as指代人/物/事,在句子中做主/宾/表语.
1. as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1) 位置的不同：which通常放在主句后 as可放在主句前后，也可以作插入语。 2) 先行词的不同
which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一个句子，一般译为“这一点”。 as引导非限制性定语从句，当先行词被the same,such,as,so修饰时用as,as可代替整个整个句子，也可以代替从句某个成分。as一般译为\正如\就像\， \可作插入语，多用于固定搭配：
这是常有的事as is often the case;不出所料as we had expected;众所周知as is well known;显而易见as we can see如上所述as has been said before;正如上面提到的as is mentioned above. 2. the same as/the same that的区别
She wears the same dress ___as___ her sister. She wears the same dress ____that____ she wore yesterday. 做题技巧：当主句中出现the same时, 后面从句as表示同一类事物的另一个，as表示同一个事物。 3. such/as...as与such/as...that的区别
I have never seen such a lazy man as you (are). This is such an interesting book as we all like. This is so interesting a book as we all like. This is such an interesting book that we all like it. This is so interesting a book that we all like it. 做题技巧：当主句中出现such 或so 时,看后面从句是否缺成分，若缺少主语或宾语，则为定语从句，关系词应
用as;若不缺成分则为结果状语从句，如此…以至于….连接词须用that. 4. whose指人的或物时，在句中作定语,可转化为of+关系代词，指人用of+whom,,指物用of+which.即whose+名词=名词+of which/of whom.
I still remember the teacher . Without his help I couldn’t succeed. I still remember the teacher, without whose help I couldn’t succeed.
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真题感悟2(填空题）
1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ___when_____ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special video.
2. Opposite is St.Paul's Church, where you can hear some lovely music.
3. As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time__when__he should be able to be independent. 4.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that the reason ___why_____you had a few days off? 5. We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
6. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform__where__ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
归纳总结：真题感悟2所有考题要求填空的都是检查引导定语从句的关系___副词__（副词/代词）定语从句中的关系副词有：where(地点），when（时间），why(原因），关系副词在从句中只作____状____，可以用介词+which解释替换。 注意：
1.当先行词为way表示方法、方式时，且后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用that\\in which引导，也可以省略。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语，要用that\\which引导，也可以省略关系词。
I don’t like the way that/in which/ 不填 he speaks to his mother. I mastered the way that/which/不填 he told me. 2.介词+which
选择介词的三原则：1.根据句子意思表达的需要
2.根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯 3.根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯
真题感悟3
1. Creating an atmosphere in which employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 2 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his
employees enjoy their work.
3. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which/that allows them to communicate freely with each other. 4. We are trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. 5. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself?
---Yes, there’s one point that we must insist on .
6.Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as importance as sales skills. 7. He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.
8. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 9.）---What do you think of teaching，Bob?
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting. 10. Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
归纳总结：当先行词为一些抽象地点名词时，如atmosphere,point,stage,case,situation,condition,race等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系词where引导定语从句；如果在从句中作主语、宾语、或表语，则用关系代词that/which. 注意：
This is not an occasion for laughter,where you must take things seriously. Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with kids. 先行词为occasions,当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when;当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where. 真题感悟4
1. (2016四川卷)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.(改错） that/which
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