人教版高中英语必修2同步练习,教学资料,补习资料:Unit 4 倒装及练习

语法:倒装

概念引入

英语的主语和谓语有两种顺序:主语放在谓语前,叫自然语序;把谓语或谓语的一部分放在主语前,叫倒装语序。我们开始学英语时,就学过倒装句,疑问句就是一种倒装句。

先看下面的句子:

1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English

newspaper.

2. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to

update my skills.

3. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to

know.

4. Here comes my list of dos and don’ts...

5. Not only was there a Christmas tree, but also exciting presents under it.

到底什么可以倒装呢?什么情况下可以倒装呢?接下去我们就详细学习倒装句这种语法现象。

用法讲解

倒装语序的形式有两种:整个谓语放在主语前, 叫全部倒装;只把助动词、情态动词或be 动词等放在主语之前,叫部分倒装,也称为半倒装。

如:Here comes my list of dos and don’ts. (全部倒装) 这是我的行为准则列表。

Never will Zhou Yang forget the day she met that famous inventor.(部分倒装) 周扬永远也不会忘记她遇到那位著名的发明家的那一天。

为什么要倒装:

倒装是一种语法手段,主要的作用有:

1. 语法结构的需要,如构成疑问句时经常需要用倒装。

2. 表示强调,强调部分多为状语或表语,用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,有极佳的修辞效果。

Only once was John late to class. 约翰只迟到过一次。(强调only once) So unreasonable was his price that everybody was surprised. (强调表语so unreasonable) 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都很吃惊。

3. 承上启下,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密。

They broke into the room and found him lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake.

他们破门进入房间,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。 4. 平衡结构。

英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,常用倒装语序。 Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。

5. 使描写生动,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词或拟声词等置于句首,句子用全部倒装。 Bang came another shot! 砰!又是一声枪响!

我们学过的倒装句:

1. 一般疑问句和疑问词是宾语、表语或状语的特殊疑问句。 Have you tried X-sports? 你尝试过极限运动吗?

How soon will the tourists be back to China? 这些游客还要多久能返回中国? 但是:如果疑问词是主语或修饰主语时,不倒装。

How many people took part in the campaign for women’s equal rights? 有多少人参加了这次争取妇女平等权利的运动? 2. There be句型。

There is no room left for even one more of you.你们再多一个也放不下了。 3. 一些定语从句。

The hens lay eggs out of which come other chickens. 母鸡下蛋,从蛋中孵出其它小鸡。 4. 在直接引语后面或中间加上he said一类的小句子,可以倒装,也可以不倒装。 “Even worse, we’ve got into the snow.” added the driver/ the driver added. “更遭的是,我们陷进了雪里。”司机又说。

全部倒装

1. There be句型 这个句型中,be也可以用appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等替换,一般译成“有”的含义。

Then there came a knock at the door. 然后有人敲门。

2.副词here, there, now, then, thus或表示动态的副词out, in, up, down, away等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词时。

Out rushed the children,shouting and laughing. 孩子们冲了出去,又叫又笑。 Down came all of you. 你们都下来! Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。 注意:代词作主语时, 主谓不倒装。 Here you are! 你到了。

Away they went. 他们离开了。

3. 当表示地点、时间的介词短语或方位词放在句首,而主语较长又无宾语时,也常引起全部倒装,谓语常是be,lie,stand,exist等。

From the valley came a frightening sound. 从山谷中传来一声可怕的声响。 Under the tree stands a little boy. 树下站着个小男孩。 4. 为了保持句子的结构平衡,特别是主语较长时,可以把表语或状语前置,主谓全部倒装。 Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. (主语及其修饰成分过长)

金字塔里面是国王和王后的墓室和通向墓室的长廊。

Gone are the days when we Chinese were looked down upon. (表语提前) 中国人民被歧视的日子已成为过去。

Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. (表语提前) 这就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦,一位简朴而又伟大的科学家。 5. 表示祝愿:

Long live the friendship among the Asian peoples and sportsmen! 亚洲人民和运动员的友谊万岁!

注意:may表示祝愿也用倒装,只把may提前。

May all of you succeed in the coming examination. 祝你们在即将到来的考试中成功!

部分倒装(1)

1. 把否定词no和not及其含有no/not的结构放在句首时。 这些结构常见的有:

at no time/ in no way/ in no case(决不,在任何条件下都不), no longer(不再) not often/ not frequently(不常), not… until(直到......才), not only(不仅) 例如:

In no case have I noticed that he left early. 我根本没有注意到他提前离开了。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

母亲一直等孩子入睡后才离开房间。(注意:主句倒装,从句不倒装。) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物,还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 注意:

not only... but also连接主语时,句子不倒装。

Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television. 不仅我,而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。

【倒装】

2. 一些常见的否定副词放在句首,如:

seldom(很少地), rarely(很少地), scarcely(几乎不), never(从不), never before(以前从不),never again(再也不),little(几乎没有), hardly(几乎不), no sooner... than(刚......就), neither…nor(既不......也不), nor(也不), neither(也不)… 例如:

Never in my life have I seen such a good movie. 我这辈子从来没有看过这么好的电影。 (自然语序:I have never seen ... in my life. 把never与其状语一起放在句首时,把助动词have放主语前,构成部分倒装。)

Little did he know that he had made a big mistake. 他几乎不知道他犯了一个大错误。

(自然语序:He knew little that he... mistake. 把little放句首后,加了助动词did,把原来的knew改成know。)

Neither in this life nor in the next shall I ever forget your help.

我这辈子和下辈子都不会忘了你的帮助。(neither位于句首,助动词shall提前) Hardly did he talk to me. 他几乎不跟我说话。

(自然语序:He hardly talked to me. hardly意为“几乎不”,位于句首,主语前加了助动词did,构成倒装。注意原来的talked,改成原形talk)

---- My father never goes out with me. 我父亲从不与我一起出去。 ---- Nor/Neither does mine. 我父亲也是(也不与我一起出去)。

3、only放在句首,同时后面加上状语时。

但是:放在句首的only如果修饰主语,后面的句子不倒装。 Only then did they get married. 那时他们才结婚。

(only+状语then位于句首,主语they前加了did,构成部分倒装,注意got变成了get) Only in China can you find this kind of food. 只有在中国你才能见到这样的食物。

(自然语序:You can only find ... in China. only+状语in China位于句首,把情态动词can

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