王国；领域 father fatherhood
父亲的身份（或资格） adult adulthood 成年 brother brotherhood
手足之情，同胞之爱 free freedom 自由；自主 duke dukedom 公爵的爵位 likely likeliness 可能性 neighbor neighborhood 街坊，四邻；住宅区
wise wisedom 智慧，才智 woman womanhood
女子成年期；女子气质 3. 1) positive 2) certain 3) less 4) unknown 5) complete 6) infinite 7) hopeless 8) modern 9) individual 10) contradictory GRAMMAR REVIEW
1. 1) If they hadn’t broken away from the out-of-date regulation, they wouldn’t have made great advances in their work.
2) If they hadn’t taken proper care of her, she wouldn’t have recovered so rapidly.
3) The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t
made adequate preparations.
4) We would have had a hard time if we hadn’t followed the right instructions.
5) The flood would have caused great damage to our property if we hadn’t built so many reservoirs.
6) They would have succeeded in the experiment if they had followed the right procedure.
2. 1) If English hadn’t become a language of international business after World War II, most developing countries wouldn’t have required students to study it at school.
2) If William hadn’t invaded England in 1066, the English language wouldn’t have had many words of French origin.
3) If modern English hadn’t developed from several different languages, the grammar and spelling rules wouldn’t have been so irregular.
4) If England hadn’t been conquered by the Normans in 1066, French wouldn’t have become the main language of the ruling class at that time. CLOZE
1. 1) topic 2) creates 3) really 4) grasp
5) sure 6) opposite
7) contradictory 8) reality
9) physical 10) rigidity 11) individual 12) humility 13) rainbow 14) falsehood TRANSLATION
1. 1) Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers severely.
2) The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.
3) Acting on the information they received, the police closed off the streets and caught the bank robbers.
4) We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.
5) The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to be re-employed.
6) To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.
7) He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with the other students in a month. 8) The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.
9) It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponents.
10) Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use / employment of new technologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil. 2.
We all know that knowledge is power but we are seldom aware of how difficult knowledge transfer is. According to Victoria Griffith, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer and lack of trust is one of the major ones.
It seems to her that people are only to absorb knowledge readily from those they know and trust. For example, in the early 17th century, Galileo argued that the earth and other planets move around the sun, but this knowledge was rejected by the general populations at that time because the Italian over three hundred years ago trusted the Roman Catholic Church more than they trusted science. What was worse, Galileo had to spend the rest of his life under house arrest for his ideas.
Victoria Griffith reminds us that knowledge transfer is still a tough problem although we are living in the “knowledge era.” THEME-RELATED WRITING Sample Essay:
Knowledge transfer is a human phenomenon and plays a very important role in the process of human evolution. With the knowledge accumulated over generations, human beings can now build and