循环流化床锅炉运行规程

目 录

1 锅炉设备系统简介 ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 锅炉整体布置 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 循环回路 ............................................................................................................... 1 1.3 燃烧系统流程 ....................................................................................................... 2 1.4 过热蒸汽流程 ....................................................................................................... 2 1.5 再热蒸汽流程 ....................................................................................................... 3 2 设备规范 ...................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 锅炉设备概况 ....................................................................................................... 4 2.2 锅炉主要参数 ....................................................................................................... 9 3 锅炉主控各系统 ........................................................................................................ 14 3.1 给煤系统 ............................................................................................................. 14 3.2 石灰石系统 ......................................................................................................... 15 3.3 床料的补充 ......................................................................................................... 18 3.4 燃油系统 ............................................................................................................. 18 4 试验与养护 ................................................................................................................ 20 4.1 检修后的检查验收 ............................................................................................. 20 4.2 设备试验总则 ..................................................................................................... 20 4.3 主机联锁保护试验规定 ..................................................................................... 21 4.4 水压试验 ............................................................................................................. 22 4.5 过热器反冲洗 ..................................................................................................... 26 4.6 安全门试验 ......................................................................................................... 26 4.7 锅炉主联锁保护 ................................................................................................. 27 4.8 锅炉烘炉养护 ..................................................................................................... 29 5 锅炉机组的启动 ........................................................................................................ 30 5.1 总则 ..................................................................................................................... 30 5.2 启动前检查工作和应具备的条件 ..................................................................... 30 5.3 锅炉上水 ............................................................................................................. 32

循环流化床锅炉运行规程

5.4 锅炉底部加热 ..................................................................................................... 34 5.5 冷态启动 ............................................................................................................. 35 5.6 锅炉的温态启动和热态启动 ............................................................................. 40 6 锅炉运行中的控制与调整 ........................................................................................ 43 6.1 运行调整的主要任务 ......................................................................................... 43 6.2 定期维护工作及规定 ......................................................................................... 43 6.3 运行中主要参数的控制范围 ............................................................................. 44 6.4 锅炉的运行调节 ................................................................................................. 44 7 停炉及停炉后的保养 ................................................................................................ 52 7.1 停炉的有关规定 ................................................................................................. 52 7.2 停炉前的准备工作 ............................................................................................. 52 7.3 正常停炉 ............................................................................................................. 52 7.4 锅炉的快速冷却 ................................................................................................. 53 7.5 锅炉放水 ............................................................................................................. 54 7.6 停炉至热备用 ..................................................................................................... 54 7.7 停炉的注意事项 ................................................................................................. 54 7.8 停炉后的保养 ..................................................................................................... 54 8 锅炉事故处理 ............................................................................................................ 56 8.1 事故处理原则 ..................................................................................................... 56 8.2 紧急停炉条件 ..................................................................................................... 56 8.3 请示停炉条件 ..................................................................................................... 57 8.4 紧急停炉的操作步骤 ......................................................................................... 57 8.5 床温高 ................................................................................................................. 58 8.6 床温低 ................................................................................................................. 59 8.7 床压过高或过低 ................................................................................................. 60 8.8 单条给煤线中断 ................................................................................................. 61 8.9 两条给煤线中断 ................................................................................................. 62 8.10 水冷壁泄漏及爆管 ........................................................................................... 63 8.11 过热器泄漏及爆管............................................................................................ 64

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8.12 省煤器泄漏及爆管 ........................................................................................... 65 8.13 再热器泄漏及爆管 ........................................................................................... 66 8.14 床面结焦 ........................................................................................................... 66 8.15 低温结焦 ........................................................................................................... 68 8.16 厂用电中断 ....................................................................................................... 69 8.17 缺水事故 ........................................................................................................... 70 8.18 满水事故 ........................................................................................................... 70 8.19 管道水击 ........................................................................................................... 71 8.20 负荷骤减 ........................................................................................................... 72 8.21 烟道再燃烧 ....................................................................................................... 73 8.22 引风机跳闸 ....................................................................................................... 74 8.23 一次风机跳闸 ................................................................................................... 75 8.24 二次风机跳闸 ................................................................................................... 76 8.25 高压风机跳闸 ................................................................................................... 77 8.26 高压风机断皮带 ............................................................................................... 78 8.27 油管爆破 ........................................................................................................... 78 9 锅炉辅助系统运行规程 ............................................................................................ 80 9.1 辅助机械试运行 ................................................................................................. 80 9.2 引风机、一次风机、二次风机 ......................................................................... 82 9.3 高压风机及输石风机 ......................................................................................... 86 9.4 排渣系统 ............................................................................................................. 88 9.5 压缩空气系统 ..................................................................................................... 90 9.6 气力输灰系统 ..................................................................................................... 96 10 电除尘器运行规程 ................................................................................................ 104 10.1 电除尘器设备简介 ......................................................................................... 104 10.2 电除尘器的启动 ............................................................................................. 105 10.3 电除尘器的运行维护及调整 ......................................................................... 108 10.4 电场停运及注意事项 ..................................................................................... 109 10.5 电除尘器故障处理 ......................................................................................... 111 11 附录 ........................................................................................................................ 118

循环流化床锅炉运行规程

11.1 附表一 炉墙厚度、耐磨层厚度及材料 ...................................................... 118 11.2 附表二 新乡火电厂测点说明 ........................................................................ 120 11.3 附表三 启动曲线 .......................................................................................... 129

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1锅炉设备系统简介

1 锅炉设备系统简介

制造厂家:xxx锅炉厂有限责任公司 锅炉型号:HG-440/13.7-L.PM4

本锅炉系超高压参数循环流化床,自然循环汽包炉,单炉膛、一次再热、平衡通风、半露天岛式布置、全钢炉架、固态排渣。

1.1 锅炉整体布置

440t/h CFB锅炉采用超高压中间再热机组设计,与135MW等级汽轮发电机组相匹配,可配合汽轮机定压(滑压)启动和运行。锅炉采用循环流化床燃烧技术,循环物料的分离采用高温绝热旋风分离器。

锅炉主要由炉膛、高温绝热分离器、自平衡“U”形回料阀和尾部对流烟道组成。燃烧室蒸发受热面采用膜式水冷壁,水循环采用单汽包、自然循环、单段蒸发系统。布风装置采用水冷布风板,大直径钟罩式风帽。燃烧室内布置双面水冷壁来增加蒸发受热面。燃烧室内布置屏式二级过热器和屏式热段再热器,以提高整个过热器系统和再热器系统的辐射传热特性,使锅炉过热汽温和再热器温具有良好的调节特性。

锅炉采用2个内径为7.36米的高温绝热分离器,布置在燃烧室与尾部对流烟道之间。 高温绝热分离器回料腿下布置一个非机械型回料阀,回料为自平衡式,流化密封风用高压风机单独供给。分离器及回料阀外壳由钢板制造,内衬绝热材料及耐磨耐火材料。

以上三部分构成了循环流化床锅炉的核心部分──物料热循环回路,经过分离器净化的烟气进入尾部烟道。尾部对流烟道中布置三级、一级过热器、冷段再热器、省煤器、空气预热器。过热蒸汽温度由在过热器之间布置的两级喷水减温器调节,减温喷水来自于给水泵出口,高加前。冷段再热器的入口布置有事故喷水,热段再热器中间布置有一级喷水减温器,减温水来自于给水泵中间抽头。尾部烟道采用的包墙过热器为膜式壁结构,省煤器、空气预热器烟道采用护板结构。

1.2 循环回路

本锅炉采用循环流化床燃烧方式,在设计燃料、额定负荷下燃烧室内燃烧温度为883℃。为保证水循环安全可靠,水冷壁采用多个水循环回路,为减少锅炉启动时间,在水冷壁下集箱内装设有邻炉蒸汽加热装置。

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