英语中的就近、就远原则以及同位语概念和练习

英语中就近一致的原则

【就近原则】

也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。

1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:\+句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also\等。e.g.

①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 ②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。

③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。 ④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。 2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.

①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。

②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。

【就远原则】

谓语动词与前面主语一致

代表词汇:as well as;(together/along)with;rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from;like E.G:He rather than I is right.

Nobody but two students is in the classroom.

The teacher with his students is working in the fields. They have kept working for several

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hours. Nobody made them work for so long. 主谓一致

1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important.

注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 典型例题

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were

答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The

League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。 与后接名词或代词保持一致

1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。

Most of his money is spent on books.

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由

more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

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Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。

英语中,什么是就近原则?就近原则什么时候用?

就近一致原则(1)

连词not only...but also/ neither...nor/ or/ either...or/ not...but

Neither he nor they are wholly right. 他和他们,谁都不是完全对的。 Either he or I am right. 或者他对,或者我对。 就近一致原则(2) 副词here/ there

Here comes the bus. 瞧,公共汽车来了。 主谓一致:and

and的两边分别是不同的可数名词。

John and Mary are my friends. 约翰和玛丽都是我的朋友。 and的两边分别是不同的不可数名词。

Both rice and wheat are grown in China. 中国有种水稻也有种小麦。 and的两边的单词构成一个统一的概念。 Fish and chips is a popular supper here.

炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。(鱼和土豆片作为整体)

The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了。(同一个人既是诗人又是作家) I.在正式文体中:

1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:\…or;nor; neither…or;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also\等。e.g.

①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 ②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。

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