生态学报2011，31（4）：1021—1028Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（40871084，40701174）；江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目；南京师范大学研究生科研创新计划项目收稿日期：2010-01-09；
修订日期：2010-05-09
*通讯作者Corresponding author．E-mail ：liuhongyu@njnu．edu．cn 基于功能分类的城市湿地公园景观格局 ———以西溪湿地公园为例 李玉凤，刘红玉* ，郑 囡，曹晓
（江苏省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室，南京师范大学地理科学学院，南京210046）
摘要：以西溪国家湿地公园为研究案例，从景观功能分类入手，揭示城市湿地公园景观格局与功能特征。结果表明：（1）西溪湿地公园是以生态保护为主，兼顾合理利用为基本功能特征，其生态保护功能区面积占整个公园的53．7%，旅游休闲区面积占46．3%；（2）西溪湿地公园生态保护功能斑块在整个公园中所占面积为42．08%，且面积大、形状复杂、多样性较低；旅游休闲斑块面积占25．41%，并且表现为斑块面积小、形状规则、多样性高等特点；（3）西溪湿地公园生态保护廊道面积是旅游休闲廊道面积的一半左右，
其网络结构比旅游休闲廊道复杂，有利于生态保护功能的发挥；（4）生态保护廊道缓冲区内主要由生态保护斑块组成，旅游休闲廊道的缓冲区内生态功能斑块
和旅游休闲斑块所占面积相差不大。基于功能分类的景观格局研究方法有利于识别景观功能的空间特征，能够有效揭示景观生态保护与利用的空间关系。关键词：功能分类；湿地公园；景观格局；西溪湿地
A functional classification method for examining landscape pattern of urban wetland park ：a case study on Xixi Wetland Park ，China LI Yufeng ，LIU Hongyu ，ZHENG Nan ，CAO Xiao
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction ，College of Geographical Science ；Nanjing Normal University ，Nanjing 210046，China
Abstract ：With the rapid approval and establishment of urban wetland parks ，it is necessary to assess the sustainability of urban wetlands．The paper took Xixi Wetland Park as a case study area because of its representative of urban wetlands in China．Xixi National Wetland Park is located at the west part of Hangzhou ，covering an area of 11．5km 2，and featuring abundant ecological resources ，beautiful natural scenes and a rich cultural heritage of many millennia．It is a model for integrating wetland ecological conservation ，recreations ，scientific research and education．We use Quick bird images and GIS to inventory information of landscape in Xixi Wetland Park ，
in particularly established a functional classification system for examining landscape pattern of urban wetland park．The results showed that ：（1）patches and corridors in the landscape can be classified by the ecological conservation and the recreation according to their functional characteristics in Xixi Wetland Park ；（2）Xixi Wetland Park is of the characteristics of both ecological conservation and rational utilization ，in which 54%area for ecological protection and 46%area for tourism and recreation ；（3）the ecological patches in Xixi Wetland park is featured with large area ，complex
shapes and low diversity ，and the recreation patches is featured with small area ，sample shapes and high diversity ；（4）although the area of ecological corridors was only half of the recreational corridors ，its network structure is quite complex ，which is in favor of the conservation of wetlands in the park ；（5）the ecological patches in the buffer areas of ecological corridors covered of 70．7%，and the recreational patches only account of 29．3%，which indicated that the ecological corridors performed a great role in connecting ecological parches．Synchronously ，the ecological parches covering of 46．8%in the buffer areas of recreational corridors indicated that the
recreational corridors not only can meet visitors ，but also can be in favor of ecological protection ；（6）the method of landscape pattern analysis based on functional classification is in favor of identifying spatial characteristics of landscape functions ，and can exhibit the spatial relationship between ecological conservation and utilization for a landscape in urban park．
Key Words ：functional categories ；wetland park ；landscape pattern ；Xixi wetland
随着社会、经济的快速发展，城市湿地保护与合理利用日益受到重视。城市湿地逐渐成为城市生态文明的象征和维持城市生态安全的重要景观系统之一
［1］
。为此，近年来许多城市试图通过建立城市湿地公园的
方式，保护、恢复和利用湿地，并探索一条协调城市化过程中的湿地保护与合理利用的区域发展模式［2］
。目
前，城市湿地公园作为一种特殊的城市湿地类型，国际上尚没有明确的定义。但是，城市湿地公园是集湿地生