十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习
一、新课导入
个体名词
集体名词 可数名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 不可数名词 专有名词
功能:表示人或事物的名称
人称代词: 主格 宾格 (注意it 的用法) 物主代词: 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词:this, that, these, those
单数:myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself
反身代词:
复数:ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词
疑问代词:who, whom, whose, what, which.
简单不定代词:One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another, other, the other, others, the others
复合不定代词: somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能:用来代替名词、形容词或数词等
3.数词: 基数词 序数词 功能:表数量或顺序
4.冠词: 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能:用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点:at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath…. 表时间: in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, 5.介词: 表运动: across/ through/ over/ pass…
表方位:….
其他
功能:用在名词、代词等前面,说明句子中词与词之间的关系
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6. 形容词: 平级、比较级、最高级
功能:用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特性、性质
7. 副词:平级、比较级、最高级
功能:用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作或形状的特性
并列连词:and/ both/ or/ not only…but also, but/however/ yet/ still/ while…
8. 连词:
从属连词: if/ unless, because/as/ since, although/though… 功能:用来连接词、短语或句子 实义动词 (vi./vt.) 系动词 助动词 9. 动词: 情态动词
不定式(to do)
非谓语动词 分词: 现在分词(-ing)和 过去分词(-ed) 动名词(-ing)
功能:表示人或事物的动作或状态 10. 感叹词: oh ah well…
功能:表示说话时的感情或口气 2
课前小测:
1. 句子成分摸底测试:
(1) 指出下列句子划线部分是句子的什么成分?
1) The students got on the school bus. 2) He handed me the newspaper.
3) I shall answer your questions after class. 4) What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5) They went hunting together early in the morning.
(2) 判断下列句子是简单句并列句还是复合句?
1) We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2) The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3) There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4) My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning. 5) He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
二:新课讲解:
(一)句子成分
七种句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、定语、状语、补语、表语等。 句子的主要部分是主语和谓语。表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。 其他成分如定语、状语、同位语是句子的次要成分。
1. 主语(话题/主心骨)
一句话的主体。 英语句子不可或缺的成分, 是全句述说的主题。
常用的作主语的词类有:名词(短语)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词,不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句。
George is a born leader. (名词)
Nobody knew what had happened. (代词)
Two of us will attend the conference tomorrow. (数词)
The young are always willing to accept new things. (名词化的形容词) To go the bed early and to get up early is a good habit. (不定式短语) Losing his new MP4 made Tom very sad. (动名词短语)
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