第十五周 概要写作
概要写作实际上就是对所读过的文章简要而概括地写出文章的中心大意。写概要时，考生要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的句子。写概要也不是把细节性的信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、短语和句子进行合理转换，重新组织文章的信息，再用合适的语言进行表述。这种写作形式能考查考生的阅读理解能力和对文章的大意进行归纳概括、重新构造、创新输出的能力。
[写作技法指导]
一、题型特点
要求考生进行概要写作的阅读材料原文词数一般为300词左右。文章体裁可以是记叙文、说明文或者议论文。写作要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇约60词的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确，结构合理，语义连贯，不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。
二、注意事项
1．词数要限制在60词左右，上下限不得超过10个单词。 2．要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3．人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。 4．写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬照抄原文。 三、写作步骤 第一步：仔细审题
速读文章，确定文章的体裁和题材、人称和时态以及写作要求等。 第二步：细读全文
阅读语篇时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法： 记叙文 说明文 议论文 第三步：初写成文
初写概要时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法： 记叙文 说明文 议论文 先用一两句话串联人、时、地、事等要素，再用三到五个句子简要描述事情的经过和结果 找出要说明对象的现象、原因等或解决问题的措施、建议等 把议论文的三个要素(论点、论据、结论)进行合理地排序、整合和概括，使之语义上具有逻辑性和连贯性 圈出记叙文的六要素(who, when, where, what, how, why)，如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意 找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议 提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、结论)
第四步：润色升级
初写成文后，要对概要进行润色升级，使用高级词汇和高级句式代替平庸词汇和一般句式，使之锦上添花。
第五步：复查定稿
写好概要后，要从语法和语义角度进行通读。对语法错误和语义不连贯处进行修改润色。最后规范誊写在答题卷的指定位置。
[经典案例示法]
(一)
(2019·浙江效实中学模拟)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school, I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas.I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City. While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do.A car pulled up behind me.It was the couple. They said they would take me.We chatted and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.I wrote them a thank-you note.Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present from them.Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.
Years later, I drove to a meeting in the morning.In late afternoon I found that I'd left the lights on all day, and the battery was dead.Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership was right next door.I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.
“Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？” I asked and explained my trouble.They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it.They would accept no payment, so later, I wrote them a note to say thanks.I received a letter back from one of the salesmen.No one had ever written him and say thank you, and it meant a lot, he said.
“Thank you” — two powerful words.They're easy to say and mean so much. [写作步骤] 第一步：仔细审题 1．定体裁：记叙文。 2．定人称：第一、三人称。 3．定时态：以一般过去时为主。 第二步：细读全文
who when I,_an_older_couple,_two_salesmen many years ago, years later where what why how
第三步：初写成文
a_gas_station,_on the way to a meeting the author accepted others' help and wrote thank-you notes to them the author's car broke_down and had to ask others for help the author learned a lot from sending thank-you_notes to others ①In this passage, the author told us his two experiences of being helped by the strangers. ②And during the two experiences, the author wrote thank-you notes to the strangers.③They had given him a hand when there was something wrong with his car. ④Through the two experiences, he realized that saying “thank you” was easy and meant so much.
第四步：润色升级
对初写成文进行润色升级如下：
1．把初写成文中第①句中的told us替换成“描述”。 told us→described 2．把初写成文中第①句中的of being helped by the strangers升级成定语从句。 In this passage, the author told us his two experiences where he was helped by the strangers. 3．把初写成文中的第②③句合为一个定语从句。
And during the two experiences, the author wrote thank-you notes to the strangers who_had_given_him_a_hand when there was something wrong with his car. 第五步：复查定稿
In this passage , he author described his two experiences where he was helped by the strangers (要点1)And during the two experiences, the author wrote thank-you notes to the strangers who had given him a hand when there was something wrong with his car. (要点2)Through the two experiences, he realized that saying “thank you” was easy and meant so much.(要点3) (二)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The guest speaker is a person who is asked to speak at an event.The person is usually not deeply connected with the event.Instead the guest speaker may support the event by sharing knowledge, offering support, or entertaining others.Speakers may give a special speech at the beginning, praising the efforts of community workers, or interesting children or college students in an educational or informative way.In each case, they are defined (给……下定义) by the fact that they will speak or otherwise communicate, and they have been invited to do so.
Even in the smallest events, the guest speaker can be well worth hearing.Coming from outside of the shared opinion of those organizing or attending an event, they often bring something