【实用知识】地震安全手册(中英文对照)
This booklet is designed to help you and your family plan for and survive a major earthquake. By taking action to be prepared, you can lessen the impact of an earthquake on your family. Set aside some emergency supplies, and teach your family what to do at home during and after a disaster. You could be without help for up to 72 hours, so learn to cope for at least that long.
Movement of the ground is seldom the actual cause of death or injury. Most casualties result from partial building collapse and falling objects and debris, like toppling chimneys, falling bricks, ceiling plaster, and light fixtures. Many of these conditions are easily preventable. Because earthquakes occur without warning, it’s important to take steps now to prepare, so that you know what you can do and how to respond — constructive, protective action is possible.
这本小册子旨在帮助你和家人学会未雨绸缪，以便在大地震时逃生。事先进行准备，可以减少地震带来的冲击。做一些适当的应急储备，并告诉你的家人在灾难中和灾难之后该做些什么。当灾难发生时，你很可能在72小时之内得不到任何救助。因此，至少要学会如何撑过72个小时。
地震中地面的移动一般不会直接造成伤亡。大多数伤亡是由建筑物的坍塌以及物体和建筑物残骸坠落造成。比如，倒塌的烟囱、落下的砖头、天花板上的泥块以及灯具等。而多数情况都是易于避免的。
地震发生前是没有征兆的，因此，从现在就开始进行准备相当重要。这样一来，你才会知道灾难发生时该做什么，该如何应对，如何进行有意义的自我保护。
Have on Hand for Any Emergency – Ideas for Home, Workplace, and Car 为突发状况准备趁手的的应急物品：家里、办公地点、汽车上如何应急
Because you don’t know where you will be when an earthquake occurs, prepare a Disaster Supplies Kit for your home, workplace, and car.
因为你不知道地震发生的时候自己会在哪儿，所以，在家里、办公地点以及汽车上，都准备一套抗灾装备吧。 【水】
·Water. Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour period. A normally active person needs at least ? gallon of water daily just for drinking. In determining adequate quantities, take the following into account:
每人每天至少需储备1加仑(3.8升)的水，并按此标准一次备够72小时之用。一般情况下，一个活跃的正常人，光饮用，每天就需要消耗1/2加仑（1.9升）的水。为了保证足够的量，应考虑以下因素：
·Individual needs vary depending on age, physical condition, activity, diet, and climate. ·Children, nursing mothers, and ill people need more water.
·Very hot temperatures can double the amount of water needed. · A medical emergency might require more water.
* 个体需求量因年龄、体质、活动量、饮食、气候等而有差异。 * 儿童、哺乳期妇女、病人需水量更大。 * 高温天气会使需水量成倍增加。 * 医疗紧急情况会需要更多的水。
It is recommended that you buy commercially bottled water. Keep bottled water in its
original container and do not open it until you need to use it. Also, pay attention to the expiration or \
建议你购买一些瓶装水。不要拆开瓶装水的原包装，在必须使用之前不要打开。另外，要注意保质期或者最晚饮用日期。
If you choose to prepare your own containers of water, you should buy air-tight, food-grade water storage containers from surplus or camping supply stores. Before filling the containers, clean them with dish washing soap and water, and rinse them completely so that there is no residual soap. Water stored in your own containers should be replaced about every 6 months. In addition to water, have purification tablets such as Halazone and Globaline, but be sure to read the label on the bottle before using the tablets.
如果你准备用自己的容器装水，你应该从军用品或者野营用品专门店购买那种不漏气的、专门储存食品的盛水容器。在装水之前，要用餐具专用洗涤剂和水清洗容器，并用水冲净，以免洗涤剂残留。容器内的水必须每6个月更换一次。除了水之外，还需要一些净化用的药片，比如哈拉宗（Halazone）、高碘甘氨酸（Globaline），但在使用这些药片之前，一定要先看看瓶子上的标签。（译者：请向专业人士或医护人员资讯上述药品的使用！） 【食品】 ·Food. It’s always a practical idea to keep a supply of non-perishable food on hand that can be rotated into your diet and replenished on a regular basis. Have a sufficient supply of canned or dehydrated food, powdered milk, and canned juices for at least 72 hours. Dried cereals and fruits and non-salted nuts are good sources of nutrition. Keep the following points in mind:
作为一个很实用的主意，应经常准备一些不易腐坏的食品以便随时食用。并可将其加入日常的饮食之中，并定期补充储备。准备足够72小时之用的听装食品或脱水食品、奶粉，以及听装果汁。干麦片、水果和无盐干果是很好的营养源。请注意以下几点：
·Avoid foods that will make you thirsty. Choose salt-free crackers, whole grain cereals, and canned goods with high liquid content.
· Stock foods that do not require refrigeration, cooking, water, or special preparation. You may already have many of these on hand.
· Remember to include foods for infants and special dietary needs. * 不要选择那些让你容易口渴的食品。选择无盐饼干、全麦麦片和富含流质的罐装食品。 * 只储备无需冷藏、烹饪或特殊处理的食品。类似食品可供选择的有很多。 * 别忘了食品中应包括婴儿和特殊饮食需要者的食品。你还应该准备一些厨房用具和炊具，尤其是手动开罐器。
You should also have kitchen accessories and cooking utensils, especially a manual can opener.
【应急灯和备用电池】
·Flashlights and spare batteries. Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at your place of work, and in your car. Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are certain that no gas leaks exist.
在你的床边、工作地点以及车里放一盏应急灯。不要在地震后使用火柴或蜡烛, 除非你能确定没有瓦斯泄漏。
【便携式电池供电收音机或电视机以及备用电池】
· Portable, battery-powered radio or television and spare batteries. Most telephones will be out of order or used for emergency purposes, so radios will be your best source of information. You may also want to have a battery-powered CB or other two-way radio.
大多数电话将会无法使用或只能供紧急用途，所以收音机将会是你最好的信息来源。如有可能，你还应当准备电池供电的收发报机和无线对讲机。 急救箱和急救手册】
·First aid kit and manual. Keep a first aid kit at home and in your car. Also, have a manual such as Standard First Aid & Personal Safety by the American Red Cross. Have members of your household take basic first aid and CPR courses.
在家里和车里准备一个急救箱。同时，备一本由美国红十字会制作的《标准急救和个人安全手册》。让你的家人学习一些基本的急救和人工呼吸课程。 【灭火器】
· Fire extinguishers. Keep a fire extinguisher at home and in your car. Some extinguishers are good only for certain types of fires — electrical, grease, or gas. Class ABC extinguishers are designed for safe use on any type of fire. Your fire department can show you how to use an extinguisher properly.
在你的家里和车里都要配备灭火器。一些灭火器仅适用于特定的火源——电引发的火灾，油脂引发的火灾，或者煤气引发的火灾等等。ABC（多用途干粉）灭火器可安全使用于任何种类的火源。当地消防部门可以教你如何正确地使用灭火器。 【特殊用品】 · Special needs. Keep a supply of special needs items, such as medications, extra eyeglasses, contact lens solutions, hearing aid batteries, items for infants (formula, diapers, bottles, and pacifiers), sanitation and hygiene items (moist towelettes and toilet paper), and any items unique to your family’s needs.
准备必要的特殊用品，比如药品，备用眼镜，隐形眼镜护理液，助听器电池，婴儿物品（婴儿食品、尿布、奶瓶和奶嘴），卫生用品（小湿巾和手纸）等家所须的任何物品。 【重要的文件和现金】
·Important papers and cash. Be sure to have a supply of cash for use if ATMs, banks, and credit card systems are not operating. Also, keep copies of credit and identification cards and important documents, such as insurance policies and financial records.
确保在自动取款机、银行和信用卡系统瘫痪时，有足够的现金可用。同时，保留一些信用证明、身份证和一些重要文件的复印件，比如保险单和财务记录。 【工具】
· Tools. In addition to a pipe wrench and crescent wrench (for turning off gas and water valves), you should have a lighter, a supply of matches in a waterproof container, and a whistle for signaling rescue workers.
除了准备一个管钳和一个可调扳手（用来关闭气阀和水管），你要有一个打火机，一盒装在防水盒子里的火柴和一个用来呼叫援救人员的哨子。 【衣服】
· Clothes. If you live in a cold climate, you must think about warmth. You might not have heat after an earthquake. Think about your clothing and bedding supplies. Be sure to have one complete change of clothing and shoes per person, including the following:
如果你所处的地区天气寒冷，必须考虑到保暖。地震过后你可能无法取暖。要考虑到你的衣服和睡觉用品。确保每个人有一整套换洗的衣服和鞋子，这包括： · jacket or coat · long pants
· long sleeve shirt