摘 要
随着不可再生能源的日益稀缺，伴随的环境污染日益恶劣，因此新能源的开发得到了极大的推广。太阳能光伏发电是新能源和可再生能源的重要组成部分，它集开发利用绿色可再生能源、改善环境、改善人民生活条件于一体，被认为是当今最有发展前景的新能源技术，因而越来越受到人们的青睐。太阳能光伏发电的广泛应用将对保护生态环境、走经济可持续发展道路起到重要作用。
太阳能光伏发电的利用有两种方式，一种是将太阳能光伏发电系统所发出的电力输送到电网中然后供给负载使用，称谓并网发电方式。另一种是凭借蓄电池来进行能量存储的独立发电方式，它主要用于因架设线路困难市电无法到达的场合。本论文主要介绍南京某3kW屋顶光伏并网发电系统的最佳设计，其中包括光伏组件的布局，光伏组件的串并联设计，汇流箱设计，屋面的处理，配电系统设计，系统防雷设计等等因素。这些直接影响屋顶光伏并网发电站的合理性、稳定性和用户的经济效益。 关键字：屋顶光伏并网；配电系统；防雷设计；汇流箱
Abstract
As non-renewable energy sources increasingly scarce, along with worsening
environmental pollution, so the new energy development has been greatly promoted. Solar
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photovoltaic power generation is an important part of new and renewable sources of energy, its collection development and utilization of green renewable energy and improve the
environment, improve the living conditions of the people in one, is believed to be the most promising new energy technologies, and thus more and more people of all ages. Widespread adoption of solar power will protect the ecological environment, and take the road of sustainable economic development played an important role.
Solar photovoltaic power generation in two ways, one being emitted by solar
photovoltaic power generation system used in load and supply electricity to the grid, and grid-connected power generation. Another is an independent power with batteries for energy storage, it is mainly used in transmission due to erection difficulties mains cannot be reached for the occasion. This paper introduces the Nanjing 3kW rooftop photovoltaic grid-connected generation system, the best design, including layout of PV modules, PV module and parallel design, combiner box design, roof, electrical distribution system design, System lightning protection design, among other factors. These directly affect the roof grid-connected PV stations of rationality, stability and user benefits. Key words: photovoltaic power generation and distribution system lightning protection design of combiner box
Keywords ：Roof grid-connected PV ; generation and distribution system; lightning
protection design of combiner box
目 录
摘 要 ............................................................................................................................. 1 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 1 目 录 ........................................................................................................................... 2 1 绪 论 ........................................................................................................................ 4
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1.1 课题的背景 ................................................................................................... 4 1.2 光伏系统原理 ............................................................................................... 5 1.3 太阳能光伏发电的优点 ............................................................................... 5 1.4 本次设计的总体概述 ................................................................................... 6 2 光伏方阵总体设计 .................................................................................................. 6
2.1 光伏组件的选型 ........................................................................................... 6 2.2 光伏组件的串并联方式 ............................................................................... 7 2.3 太阳能电池组件的布置及安装 ................................................................... 7
2.3.1 组件的最佳倾角 ................................................................................. 7 2.3.2 组件的最小间距 ................................................................................. 7 2.4 组件的安装事项 ........................................................................................... 8
2.4.1 安装系统地点的要求 ......................................................................... 8 2.4.2 平面和斜面屋顶式安装 ..................................................................... 8
3 光伏汇流箱 ............................................................................................................ 10
3.1 光伏汇流箱的功能 ..................................................................................... 10 3.2 光伏汇流箱的设计特点 ............................................................................. 10 3.3 光伏汇流箱安装注意事项 ......................................................................... 11 4 并网逆变器 ............................................................................................................ 12
4.1 并网逆变器原理及选择 ............................................................................. 12 4.2 容量匹配设计 ............................................................................................. 13 4.3 MPP电压范围与电池组电压匹配 .............................................................. 13 4.4 最大输入电流与电池组电流匹配 ............................................................. 13 4.5 转换效率 ..................................................................................................... 13 5 光伏系统的电气接入方案 .................................................................................... 13
5.1 电气接线图 ................................................................................................. 13 5.2 电缆的选型 ................................................................................................. 14
5.2.1 家用电缆的选型 ............................................................................... 14 5.2.2 光伏电缆的选型 ............................................................................... 15
6 防雷设计 ................................................................................................................ 16
6.1 雷电的三种形式 ......................................................................................... 16 6.2 防直击雷的措施 ......................................................................................... 17 6.3 防雷电感应措施 ......................................................................................... 18 6.4 防止雷电波侵入 ......................................................................................... 18 7 维护检修设计 ........................................................................................................ 19 8 总结 ........................................................................................................................ 21 9 致谢 ........................................................................................................................ 22
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