英语译林牛津版选修8Unit1：导学案（Grammar）
M8U1 The written word Period4,5 ( Grammar )导学案
Learning aims(学习目标)：Enable the Ss to grasp the negative statements Important points(学习重点): How to use correctly the negative statements
Difficult points（学习难点）:. The function and formation of the negative statements
Learning guides（方法导引）: Inductive and deductive methods, task-based learning and
cooperative learning
Grammar and usages ：the negative statements StepI. Common usages
1. be/ 情态动词 /助动词 + not
2. 常见的表示全部否定的词no, not,none never, neither, nobody, nothing…
a) No smoking is allowed here.
b) Neither of the two girls study/studies well. c) None of my friends smoke(s). d) I will never make that mistake again. 3. 部分否定；
all, both, every, many, always, often等与not连用时,表部分否定,意思为:并非都。
a) All is not gold that glitters．
＝Not all is gold that glitters.闪光的并非都是金子. b) Both of them are not useful. ＝Not both of them are useful． c) Such a thing is not found everywhere． The rich are not always happy.
4. 双重否定
同一个句子当中有两个否定词，表示的意思是肯定的，但比肯定句的语气要重。 a) There is no sweet without sweat. b) No gain without pains. 不劳则无获.
c) You can’t make something out of nothing. 巧妇难为无米之炊. 5. 几乎否定
表示整个句子的意思接近于否定。常用的有little (few), hardly, rarely, seldom 等 a) We seldom/hardlyhear such fine singing. b) Little remains to be said. 简直没什么可说的了.
6. 将否定词和whether/if连用,来表达对于某种情况的疑虑, 常用于口语中.
I wonder whether/if …一般用于表达个人的决定 StepII The special usages of negative statements. 1. 否定转移
将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中
a) I don‘t think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
b) I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
★★ I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
判断下列句子是否属于否定转移： a) I don't think it will rain tomorrow. ( ) b) We don't think you are right. ( ) c) He doesn't think you are coming. ( ) d) You don't think I will go with her. ( ) e) I didn't think it was suitable. ( )
△I don't believe that she has done so much in a week ,_______? A．do I
B．don't I
C．has she
D．hasn't she
2. 否定句的倒装: 表否定意义的词或短语放在句首，要用部分倒装如：not, never, seldom,
hardly, in no way/ by no means(绝不), at no time, 等。
a) By no means will china first use nuclear weapons. b) Not often do they meet他们不常见面. 3. 形式肯定，意义否定形式肯定，意义否定 a) too…to 结构
b) 用more than 帮助构成否定
This is more than I can tell. 无法;难以这件事是我不能讲的. The beauty of the park is more than words can describe c) 用the last/least “最不…”构成否定句 He is the last man I want to see. 4. 形式否定，意义肯定
★★can not ……too… 再…也不为过;越….越好
The students cannot be _____ careful in performing the experiment as it is such a critical link in the whole project.
A.very B. too C. quite D. so
5. 隐性否定是一种有意无形的含蓄否定,常用含否定词的单词,词组,句型等来表示否定意义.这种否定意义用法隐藏在句子的深层含义中. 含有否定意义的词汇与结构如下 1) 动词及短语动词：
fail (+to do.), miss, ignore, prevent/keep/ protect ..．from,resist等 2) 名词:absence, failure, refusal,shortage,ignorance等 3) 形容词: few, little, free (from), far from, absent from 等 4) 副词: hardly, seldom,等
5) 介词：above, beneath, below, out (of) , beyond ,against等 6) 连词：unless, before, or ,等 7) 结构:
too…to 太…(以致于)不 rather…than “宁愿…而不”等
a) Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life. b) The classis are far from disappearing. c) Pip’s sister seldom has a kind word to say d) The fortune sets him free from financial worries. e) Joe would rather die than see any harm come to pip. StepIII.Practice
1. I don't believe it. I think he is ______ such a thing. A the only person to do B the first person to do C the last person to do D the very person to do
2.They have a good knowledge of English but little ___they know about German.