Unit 1 Art 导学案6
语法---虚拟语气 【学习目标】
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句和宾语从句
【重点难点】
错综时间条件句,用介词短语代替条件句和用
其它手段来代替条件句。
【学习内容】
课前预习
动词的语气表示说话人的态度和看法,可分为陈 述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来陈述讲话 人认为是事实的事情,有肯定、否定、疑问和感叹等
式。祈使语气用来说明说话人的请求和命令等。(你能分别举出例句吗?)虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、假设或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
★ 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 含义 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词形式 一般过去时(be动词常用were) 主句谓语动词形式 Would/ Should/ Could/ Might+动词原形 与将来事实相反 一般过去时(be动词常用Would/ Should/ Could/ If you came,(should come/were to come) tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 如果明天你来,我们就召开会议。 典型例句 If I had time, I would attend the meeting. 如果我有时间的话,我就参加会议 。 were Might+动词原形 Should+动词原形 Were to+动词原形 含义 从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 Would/ Should/ Could/ Might+ have+过去分词 典型例句 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议的话,你就不会不及格了。 与过去事实相反 过去完成时 试一试：从Warming up和Reading中找出三个使用了含if条件句的句型。 1. 2. 3. 改错:
1. If I am you ,I would work in a small mountain village, --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. If you had followed my advice, you passed the exam last month. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
课堂学习
使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点：
1)当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据他所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.如果你刚才听了我的建议的话,你现在就好多了。
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果以前你努力学习,你现在就是大学生了。 2) If 省略句
在条件句中可省略if,把were, had, should 提到句首,变为倒装句式。如： 1. If I were at school again, I would study harder. →were I at school again, I would study harder.
2. If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus. →had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus 3. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. → Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing
3)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with,, without ,but for.如: What would you do with a million dollars? =What would you do if you had a million dollars? 有一百万你会干什么?
Without you help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. 没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
请把这句话转换成含if 条件句的形式。
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4)有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if 引导的条件句,而是用其它手段来代替条件句。例如：
I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副词)
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词) I should have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词) 试一试：请你把以上三个句型变成含if 条件句的形式 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ★
(1)．表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句中,谓语用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略。这些词包括： 一坚持：insist