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2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空典题10篇练与析之一 【一】
Two or three times a week, Miss Martha had a customer in __1__she began to take an interest.He was a middle－aged man __2__glasses and a brown beard.He spoke English with a strong German accent.His clothes were worn, but he looked neat and had very good manners.He always __3__(buy) two loaves of stale bread.He never asked for anything but stale bread; it cost a lot __4__(little) than fresh bread.Once Miss Martha noticed a red and brown stain on __5__(he) finger.She was sure that he was an artist and very poor.
Often when having her evening meal, Miss Martha would sigh and wish the artist might share her food instead of __6__(eat) his dry bread.One day the customer came in as usual and asked for his stale bread.As a sudden noise made him hurry to the door, Miss Martha inserted __7__generous quantity of butter into the loaves and put them into a paper bag.
It turned out __8__the stale bread was used to rub out the pencil __9__(line) in the man’s drawing of a new city hall.And Miss Martha’s kindness __10__(complete) ruined the artist’s work.
答案 1.whom [考查关系词。“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句修饰customer，故填whom。]
2.with [考查介词。根据设空处后面的glasses和a brown beard可知需填介词with(带着，留着)。]
3.bought [考查一般过去时。由上下文可知应用一般过去时，故填bought。] 4.less [考查副词的比较级。根据设空处后面的than可知应用比较级，故填less。] 5.his [考查代词。根据设空处后面的finger可知应用形容词性物主代词，故填his。]
6.eating [考查动词－ing形式作宾语的用法。instead of是复合介词，其后用动词－ing形式作宾语。]
7.a [考查不定冠词。a quantity of意为“许多”。]
8.that [考查连接词。设空处引导主语从句且从句意义及成分均完整，故填that。]
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9.lines [考查名词。图画中有很多铅笔画的线，故填line的复数形式。] 10.completely [考查副词。设空处修饰动词ruined，故填completely。]
【二】
We think that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and exams. Yet would it be __1__ (surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China?
In US high school, everything __2__ (record) and graded, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations. Failing __3__ (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course. Perhaps contrary to __4__ we used to think of the US high school students, they pay great attention to their __5__ (academy) performance to try to get into distinguished university. __6__ they’ll be disappointed after graduation from high school.
Like university students, US high school students have the __7__ (free) to choose the courses that most interest __8__ (they). Even a 9th-grader can sit __9__ the same classroom as 12th-graders. But this also means he or she has to work very hard, because the teacher will not treat him or her differently just because he or she is a few years __10__ (young)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国学生的高中生活。 1．surprising 此处是-ing型形容词，用来修饰事物，意为“令人吃惊的”。 2．is recorded everything和谓语record之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，即is recorded，与graded呼应。
3．to turn fail to do sth.意为“不能做某事”，为固定搭配。
4．what 空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示物的概念，故填what。 5．academic 修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词academic修饰名词performance，作定语。
6．Otherwise 根据语境可知，此处表示否则他们高中毕业后就会感到失望，故用副词otherwise，意为“否则”，作状语。
7．freedom 由定冠词the可知，此处应用名词，即freedom。 8．them 此处应用宾格形式，作动词interest的宾语，故用them。
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9．in in the classroom意为“在教室里”，故用介词in。
10．younger 根据上文可知，9年级和12年级的学生比较，自然是年轻一些，故用形容词的比较级形式，即younger。
【三】
Styrofoam is a plastic with a bad reputation.
It cannot be recycled without releasing (释放) dangerous __1__ (pollute) into the air. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency __2__ (say) it is the fifth largest creator of dangerous waste.
Scientists from the U．S. and China have discovered that mealworms can digest plastic. One mealworm can digest a pill-sized amount of plastic a day. Study co-author Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic __3__ (turn) into carbon dioxide.
Are the worms hurt by __4__ (eat) plastic? The study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as __5__ (health) as worms eating bran (糠)．
Styrofoam is a light-weight material, about 95 percent air, with very good insulation properties (绝缘性), according to Earthsource.org. It is used in products from __6__ (cup) that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging material __7__ protects items during shipping.
“Solving __8__ problem of plastic pollution is important. Landfill space is becoming limited.” says Wu, a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor.
About 33-million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year. Plastic plates, cups and containers take __9__ 25 percent to 30 percent of space in America’s landfills. One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years __10__ (recycle) in a landfill, according to Cleveland State University.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中美科学家发现大黄粉虫的幼虫能消化塑料垃圾。
1．pollution 空处作release的宾语且前面有形容词作定语，故用名词形式。 2．says 文章时态以一般现在时为主，且主语为单数名词，故填says。 3．is turned 主语the plastic为不可数名词，与turn之间构成动宾关系，且该句为一般现在时，故填is turned。