最新高中英语语法知识总结精华

高中英语语法知识总结精华

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第一章:基本知识

一. 简单句的五种基本结构

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一: S V (主+谓) 二: S V P (主+系+表) 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)

四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型 一:S V (主+谓) It is raining now.

We've worked for 5 hours. The meeting lasted half an hour. Time flies.

基本句型 二: S V P (主+系+表)

系动词主要是be. 但还有一些动词在有些时候也可作系动词,有人称之为半系动词。

常见的半系动词有:

(1)表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound等; (2)表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand等; (3)表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等。 系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语 He is a student. Your idea sounds great.

基本句型 三: S V O (主+谓+宾) 此结构是由―主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语‖构成。 She likes English.

We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday. 基本句型 四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 如:He give me a cup of tea. (S V o O) He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. = He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me. She gave John a book.= She bought a book for me. 基本句型 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)

此句型的句子的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表 完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补 语:位于宾语之后对宾语做出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓 系,它们一起构成复合宾语。 The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work.

The teacher asked the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road. 句子种类: 1)简单句:

只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句:

由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.

1、连接两个同等概念。The teacher‘s name is Smith, and the student‘s name is John. 2、表示选择。Hurry up, or you‘ll miss the train.

3、表示转折。 He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

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