2018.4.21大学英语专业四级真题语言知识部分答案详细解析
11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cario ______ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-side pyramid.
A.has been believed to have been B.was believed to be C.is believed to have been believed to be
解析：C. is believed to have been. 位于Cariof附近的弯曲金字塔被认为是古埃及第一次尝试建造的一个表面光滑的金字塔。背景相关知识，弯曲金字塔，是公元前2600年由第一位法老萨夫罗修建的，位于距离Cario西南27公里处的地区，它是仅存的表面平滑金字塔之一，塔身弯曲。考点分析，sb/sth be believed to do/to be doing/to have done用法, sb/sth be believed to do(将来时态，代表某人某物被认为将要做某事），Lucy is believed to go to London. Lucy被认为将要去伦敦。（没去）；sb/sth be believed to be doing(现在时态，某人或某事物正在做某事)，Lucy is believed to going to London. Lucy被认为正在去伦敦的路上。（在去的路上）；sb/sth be believed to have done(过去时态，代表某人某事物被认为应该做过某事)，Lucy is believed to have gone to London. Lucy被认为去过伦敦。（已经去了）。拓展句型，The refugees from Syria are believed to have committed various crimes in Germany since June 2015. 人们相信叙利亚来的难民自2015年6月份以来已经在德国犯下了各种罪行。
12.U.S.News _______ rankings of colleges since1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to a university campus.
A.maintains B. is maintaining C.maintained D.has been maintaining
解析：D.has been maintaining. 《美国新闻》从1983年起就一直保持着大学的排名。对于想申请大学校园的学生来说，这些大学是非常受欢迎的资源。考点分析，时态现在完成进行时（have been doing），从过去某一时间点（1983年）到现在仍然进行的动作（一直保持
大学排名）。拓展句型，Tom has been playing football for two hours.Tom已经踢了两个小时的足球了。maintain重要词汇，vt. （keep steady）维持，~to maintain world peace, （support）供养，~to maintain a family of 6, （assert坚称）~to maintain that, (look after保养—vehicle、machine、building）~to maintain a road.
13.☆He was lured into a crime he would not _____ have committed. A. actually B. otherwise C. accidentally D. seldom
解析：B. otherwise. 他是被引诱的, 要不然的话, 他是不会犯罪的。考点分析，otherwise用在定语从句结构中, 并与虚拟语气搭配使用。本题省略了that，He was lured into a crime that he would not otherwise have committed. 本句中省略的关系代词that指代先行词crime, 充当commit的宾语。Otherwise的这一用法既可以出现在that/which/who引导的普通定语从句中,也可以出现在than引导的特殊定语从句。 otherwise的基本含义是“ 在相反的情况下 ”或“ 要不然的话 ”, 表达的是与前面提到的真实情况相反的一个假设情形。本句otherwise是对过去的虚拟, otherwise就相当于虚拟条件从句“if it had not been for …”, 此时that定语从句中的结构为“that somebody would otherwise have +过去分词”。 整个定语从句相当于这样一个完整的虚拟句: “He would not have committed the crime if he had not been lured into it.”(如果他当时没有受引诱,他就不会犯罪了。) 具体用法请查阅otherwise与定语从句。
14.she was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____ mountains behind the apple orchard.
1. blue hazy Virginia B. Virginia blue hazy C. hazy blue Virginia D. hazy
Virginia blue
解析：C.hazy blue Virginia. 她曾经是一个年轻的乡村妻子，后院养着鸡，在苹果园后面可以看到朦胧的蓝色弗吉尼亚山脉。只要你记住口诀“限数描大形,新色国材名”这句话, 此题就迎刃而解。如，these two useful small new white American calculators.
15.I long to alleviate _____, but I cannot, and I too suffer. A.the evil B.evils C.an evil D.evil
解析：A.the evil. 我盼望减轻这些罪恶，但无能为力, 我自己也在受苦受难。考点分析，考句选自罗素的What I Have Lived For ，Bertrand Russell. the evil, 邪恶，罪恶；alleviate vt.减轻，缓解
16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming _____ .
A. war B.are war C.of war D.are of war
解析：D.are of war. 事实上，身体损害是足球的关键是可论证的，如同杀戮和残害是战争的关键。
17.At _____, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.
A.its most basic B.its basic C.the most basic D.the basic
解析：A.its most basic.在最基本的情况下，摄影是一个化学过程，在这个过程中，感光材料在曝光时会发生变化。考点分析，at one’s/its +形容词最高级, 表达的含义是“处于最…的状态”。拓展句型...but, custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. 但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那不过是最最平常的行为而已。
18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is to used_____ .