GRAMMAR
――――名词性从句
一、定义：
名词性从句是由if, whether, that, how和各种疑问词充当连接词所引
导的从句，其功能同名词一样。
二、类型：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句
(请说出以下句子中的画线部分在句子中充当的成分)
1. When we’ll hold the sports meeting has not been decided yet.
2.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many people..
3.He wonder if he could use my bike.
4. I am thinking about who will be given the job.
5. That he has won the first prize is true.
6. My parents’ wish is that I can go to a key university.
7. They are discussing the problem whether they should ban(禁止) fishing in the lake.
8. The problem is how I can get in touch with them.
9. It is not clear whether she will attend his wedding.
10. I have no idea when he would return.
三、用法
1、主语从句：在复合句中做主句的主语。引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which; 副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如: A. That he is a famous singer is known to us.
(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)
B. When he will go to America is not yet fixed.
(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)
2.宾语从句：在复合句中做主句的宾语.引导词有连词that (that 常可省
略),whether, if; 代词有who, whose, what ,which; 副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如:
A. We believe (that) he is honest.
B. I told him (that) I would come back soon.
C. He said (that) he would go there the next day and that his family wouldn’t go there.
3、表语从句：在复合句中做主句的表语.引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which;副词 when ,where, how, why 等。如: A. The problem is that we didn’t get in touch with him. B. This is how Henry solved the problem.
C. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.
(如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.)
4、同位语从句：在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导词有连that；少数情况下也可用连接副词等。如： A. The thought that we might success excited us.
B. The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering. C. The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.
(如果名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.)
四、注意
1、注意that 的用法(that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。) ①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：
A. That they are good at English is known to us all. B. The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
C. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day. ②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：
当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语
时，that不可省略；
当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；
当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：
A. He judged that because he was a child, he did not understand what he had said.
B. Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. C. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. ③that从句做主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (A) It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… (B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...
(C)It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … (DIt seems/happens that。如： It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup .
2、注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别： A.从句前都有一个名词
B.定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分;而在同位语从句中连接词不做成分。
C.定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰，同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明。
The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.
（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。
The news that you told us is really encouraging. （定语从句）
你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞
The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should
learn something practical.
They put forward the question where they could get the money. This is the place where the accident happened.
3、whether和if的用法
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般
用whether。如：
It all depends on whether they will come back. ②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：
I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.. ③主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中只能用whether。如：
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not. ④whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动
词不定式连用但if不能。如：
The question of whether they are male or female is not important. I have not decided whether to go or not.
⑤whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。
If表示“如果”时，不能用whether。如：
Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time. If I have enough time, I will play football.
4、疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别：
①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. ②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, Whatever you do, you must do it well.
③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：
No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致、主谓一致、语序。 ① 宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的
是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如： Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.
② 主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如
果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如： When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet. When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided. ③ 名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：
He asked me what was the matter with me.
We’ve heard the news that well move into the new house. Whatever you say will interest us all.
6、几个固定句式：
① 强调句 It is/was +强调部分＋that…….(如果强调部分是疑问词) eg. Who is it that spoke first? When was it that they came here? ② 关于doubt
sb. doubt if/whether….. sb. don’t/doesn’t that ……. There is no doubt that …….
Eg. There is no doubt that he will win the game. ③ 疑问词＋do you think+(用陈述句语序)
eg. Who do you think we invited to give us the talk?