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答案 B [句意：如果我们走另一条路的话，我们或许能够及时到达这里参加这次会议了。根据主句的谓语动词might have arrived可以推出，本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以if条件句中应该用过去完成时。] 2.特定词汇暗示法
英语中某些短语如：If it were not for/had not been for, but for..., if only..., without等，往往要采用虚拟语气，它们对于解答试题有很大的帮助，掌握了这些要点知识，做起题来也就很容易了。 Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ________ it without you. A.can manage C.could manage
B.could have managed D.can have managed
答案 B [根据without you可知，本句是对过去事情的虚拟推测，故用could have＋过去分词。]
[针 对 训 练]
1.Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths ________ since their highest in 2005.(2016·浙江卷) A.had not fallen C.did not fall
B.would not fall D.would not have fallen
答案 D [句意：如果各国政府和科学家们不一起努力的话，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会自 2005 年的最高水平降下来。根据Had the governments and scientists not worked together可知事情发生在过去，因此是对过去情况的虚拟，主句用would have done形式。故选D。]
2.George ________ too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016·浙江卷) A.must have gone
B.might have gone D.needn’t have gone
C.can’t have gone
答案 C [句意：乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡还是热的。can’t have done表示对过去否定的推测，意为“不可能做了……”。]
3.I love the weekend，because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.(2016·北京卷) A.needn’t C.wouldn’t
B.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
答案 A [句意：我喜欢周末，因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。A项意为“不需要”；B项意为“禁止”；C项意为“不会”；D项意为“不应该”。根据句意可知选A项。]
4.Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me，I could have helped.(2016·北京卷) A.told C.were to tell
B.had told D.would tell
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答案 B [句意：你上周为什么不告诉我你的麻烦。如果你告诉了我，我能够帮助你。根据last week可知事情发生在过去，因此是对过去情况的虚拟。根据主句谓语动词could have done可知，从句应用过去完成时had done。故选B。]
5.It was really annoying；I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.(2016·天津卷) A.wouldn’t C.shouldn’t
B.couldn’t D.needn’t
答案 B [句意：这真的很让人恼火，我无法使用你推荐的那个数据库。根据句意可知应选couldn’t “不能够”。wouldn’t “不愿意”；shouldn’t “不应该”；needn’t “不必”。] 6.—What’s your feeling now?
—I am terribly sorry.If only I ________ here yesterday! A.came C.have come
B.would have come D.had come
答案 D [if only “要是……就好了”，从时间状语yesterday来看，这是对过去所发生事情的虚拟，所以用过去完成时。]
7.It’s everybody’s desire that every effort ________to reduce the pollution in our hometown. A.was made C.will be made
B.be made D.would be made
答案 B [desire后的宾语从句及所在句子中的名词性从句，均应使用虚拟语气，虚拟形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可省略，故选B。]
8.They must have enjoyed themselves there，otherwise they ________ so long. A.can’t have stayed C.can’t stay
B.wouldn’t have stayed D.wouldn’t stay
答案 B [由must have enjoyed可知，otherwise后的情况是与过去的事实相反的，故谓语动词应用would have done。]
9.________ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games，I would be sitting in a comfortable office now. A.If I devoted
B.Had I devoted D.Should I be devoted
C.Would I be devoted
答案 B [此句为错综时间条件句，从句用过去完成时，表示与过去的事实相反，如果省略if要用倒装句；主句根据now用“would＋动词原形”的形式，表示与现在的事实相反。]
10.Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________ there, she wouldn’t be
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able to see her parents very often. A.lives C.having asked
B.would live D.were to live
答案 D [根据wouldn’t be able to...可知这是将来时的虚拟语气，从句可用三种形式lived，should live，were to live，所以选D。]
11.Don’t handle the vase as if it ________ made of steel. A.is C.has been
B.were D.had been
答案 B [as if从句中，对现在的虚拟谓语动词用were。]
12.Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he ________ something instead of just talking. A.will do C.do
B.has done D.did
答案 D [在句型 It’s high/very time that...中， 从句中的谓语动词用did或should do，所以选D项。] 13.________ another national referendum(公投) of Brexit be held，perhaps the UK would be kept in the EU and better promote a socially progressive Europe. A.Would C.Might
B.Could D.Should
答案 D [句意：如果再举行一次英国脱欧的全民公投，也许英国就会留在欧盟并且更好地推动欧洲的社会进步。分析句子成分可知，本题为if引导的非真实条件句。根据句意可知本题为对将来时间的虚拟语气，在if引导的非真实条件句中，如果从句省略if则从句需要部分倒装。故should符合题意。]
14.It’s a sad fact of life：lies are lies，and sometimes the truth ________ lie as well. A.shall C.can
B.should D.must
答案 C [句意：这是一个可悲的生活事实：谎言就是谎言，而有时真相也可能撒谎。can意为“可能”；shall表征求对方意见，表命令、警告、威胁等；should意为“应该，竟然，万一”；must意为“必须；一定；偏要”。]
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