◆定语从句与短文改错
短文改错中对于定语从句的考查主要涉及限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的错用。 典题试做2
单句改错(每小题1处错误)
1．Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ) 答案 that→which
2．Third，we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing，especially bath water for which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ) 答案 去掉for
解析 此处考查which引导的定语从句，which在从句中作主语，从句是主系表结构，句子成分齐全，for在此处多余，故去掉。
3．There，Katia will introduce me to some of her friends，one of who has been to China several times.I just can’t wait.(2011·重庆) 答案 who→whom
解析 非限制性定语从句中“介词of＋whom”，不能用who。
4．It turned out to be her own cup，that she’d left on the shelf by mistake.(2010·陕西)
答案 that→which
解析 逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 her own cup，故应用which引导，不能用that。
5．One day I saw a second-hand bicycle，that was only one hundred yuan.(2009·辽宁)
答案 that→which
解析 逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a second-hand bicycle，故应用which引导。 应对策略2
确定定语从句中关系词的步骤： 1．找出先行词；
2．看先行词被代入从句后在句子中的成分(作主语、宾语还是状语)； 3．选择合适的关系词。
◆书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦 (一)定语从句意识缺失
1．关系代词被普通代词取代
(误)I have many collections of stamps，some of them are my favorite. (正)I have many collections of stamps，some of which are my favorite. 2．关系代词遗漏
(误)The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows. (正)The last one who leaves the classroom please close the windows. 第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。 (二)假冒伪劣的定语从句 1．有从无主式
(误)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates. (正)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates.
(正)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates，has a variety of hobbies. 第一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。 2．从句成分残缺式
(误)Those who against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.
(正)Those who are against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.
第一句定语从句的谓语不完整。介词against不能单独作谓语。 3．画蛇添足式
(误)As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents. (误)As can be seen from the picture，a man who is talking happily. (误)I have many collections of stamps，and some of which are my favorite. 第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词来引导的。所以，应去掉that。
第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的who是多余的。 第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．According to Dr.Lance Workman，these people may develop a temporary moral code in their minds justifies their actions：there are rich people who have things I don’t have so it’s right that I take it.
答案 which/that
解析 which/that引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。
2．This is the very factory they visited last summer holiday. 答案 that
解析 先行词为factory，其前有very修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。
3．When facing hardships，only those are confident will achieve success. 答案 who
解析 关系代词who引导定语从句，修饰前面的those(那些人)。
4．That evening， I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late. 答案 which
解析 本题考查定语从句。先行词为that evening，将先行词代入定语从句后为：I will tell you more about that evening later，由此可见先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，且表示“物”，故用which引导。
5．I wish to thank Professor Smith，without help I would never have got this far. 答案 whose
解析 分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的引导词，先行词为Professor Smith，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Without Professor Smith’s help I would never have got this far，由此可见先行词在定语从句中作help的定语，故答案为whose。
6．After the flooding，people were suffering in that area， urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive. 答案 who
解析 本题考查非限制性定语从句。将先行词people代入定语从句后为：people urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive，可知先行词在从句中作主语，所以用who。
7．We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 答案 when
解析 本题考查定语从句。先行词是age，因为关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。
8．The next day，my brother and I went to the beach we watched some people play volleyball. 答案 where
解析 考查定语从句的引导词。分析结构可知，关系副词where引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
9．He wrote many children’s books，nearly half of were published in the 1990s. 答案 which
解析 根据句子结构可知此处考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，代指前面的先行词books，故应填which。
10．We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year. 答案 which/that
解析 考查分割式定语从句，先行词the sales targets与关系代词which/that被in a month隔开，先行词在定语从句中充当动词set的宾语，故填which/that。 Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)
1．I’ve never heard of the people and things which you talked about just now. 答案 which→that
2．This is the only question which has been answered. 答案 which→that
3．This is the museum where we visited last Sunday. 答案 where→which/that或去掉where
4．We have made the same mistake which you made last time. 答案 which→as
5．I shall never forget the years I spent in the country with the farmers，that has a great effect on my life. 答案 that→which
6．A young man had a new girlfriend，who he wanted to impress. 答案 who→whom
7．I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. 答案 when→which/that或去掉when
8．The visitors saw rows of houses，the roofs of whose are red. 答案 whose→which
9．Please tell me the way which you did the job. 答案 which→that或去掉which或which前加in
10．Little has been done what is helpful to our work. 答案 what→that