leading enterprise 经济适用房
residence houses for low-and-medium wage earners 尊师重教
respect teachers and value education 德、智、体、美全面发展
Be all-round in moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetical development 发展是硬道理。
Development is the absolute principle. 扶贫
aid the poor 2. 意译与乱译
意译指在翻译过程中不拘泥于原文的形式，以表达意义为主。意译强调神似，但不能歪曲原文，否则便是乱译。Eg
To kill two birds with one stone. 直译：一石二鸟。
意译：一举两得，一箭双雕 Translation Practice:
And I do not mistrust the future; I do not fear what is ahead. For our problems are large, but our heart is larger. Our challenges are great, but our will is greater. And if our flaws are endless. God’s love is truly boundless. Literal translation:
而我不是不相信未来；我不害怕即将来临的事情。因为我们的问题是大的，但我们的心更大。我们的挑战是大的，但我们的决心更大。如果我们的缺点是没完没了的，上帝的爱是真正的无穷无尽的。 Free translation:
我并非不信任未来； 我并不害怕我们面临的问题。我们的问题很多，但我们的心胸更宽广。我们面临的挑战很严峻，但我们的决心更大。如果我们的弊病层出不穷的话，那么上帝的爱更是真正的广袤无边。 3. 避免望文生义
The bank is open around (round) the clock. 那家银行24小时营业。
Don’t you know Barry is at home in German? 你不知道巴里精通德语吗？
Jerry became a bench warmer last year. 去年杰里变成了候补球员。
Chapter Two Basic ways of translation--异化法和归化法
君子协定
Gentlemen’s agreement 丘比特之箭 Cupid’s arrow 大棒加胡萝卜
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The carrot and the stick 武装到牙齿 Armed to teeth 欧佩克
OPEC=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 亚佩克
APEC=Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation 回到谈判桌上来
Return to the negotiating table 卖点
Selling point 对爆炸负责
Claim responsibility for the explosionPart Four
Part Four Ways of translation
Chapter One
Define the meaning of the words确定词义
I. Define the meaning by its word class:
An example: the word “base”v. base on (upon): (usu. Passive) to use particular ideas or facts to make a decision , do a calculation or develop a theory 把……基于 Adj. 1)(literary) without any moral principals; wicked ? a base motive 卑鄙的动机
2）metal that is not worth a lot of money ? a base metal 贱金属（指铁、铅等） ? a base coin (含有贱金属的）假硬币
II. Define the meaning by context Translation of the word “power”: ? magnifying power 放大率 ? power station 电厂 ? electric power 电力
? the power of speech 语言能力 ? a political party in power 执政党 ? an industrial power 工业强国 III extension of the words
? Every life has its roses and throns. ? 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 ? Victory always goes to the strong. ? 胜利永远属于强者。
? I am busy packing my things for the long journey. ? 我正在忙者为这次旅行打点行装。
? There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in his nature. ? 他的本性既残暴又狡猾。
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Brain drain has been Egypt’s number one concern-----as a matter of fact it has become an epidemic in that area of the world. ? 人才外流不仅是埃及的首要问题，而且是世界那一地区很普遍的严重问题。
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Chapter Two The method of conversion 转译法
Examples
A change of state from a solid to a liquid form requires heat energy. 从固体转变成液体需要热能。名变动 They were suspicious and resentful of him. 他们不信任他，怨恨他。形变动 Are you for or against the plan? 你是赞同还是反对这个计划？介变动
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on. 他跑出去时，忘记穿鞋了。 副变动 He was deeply impressed by what they said. 他所说的话给他留下了深刻的印象。 He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽虚弱但思想很健康。
Chapter Three The method of amplification（增益法）
? 即增词法。翻译中，无论是增词还是减词，宗旨都是为了使译文的语法结构、表达方式、
修辞、语气以及文化思想和思维方式既保持洋腔洋调，又符合汉语习惯，且更突出语义。 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. 读书使人充实， 讨论（使人）机智， 写作（使人）准确。
? History makes man wise; poetry witty; mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep.
? （读）史使人明智， （读）诗（使人）聪慧，（演）算（使人）精密， 哲理（使人）
深沉。
? The latest type of plane is small, inexpensive and easy to manipulate.
? 这种新型的飞机（体积）不大，（价格）便宜，容易操作。
Practice
1. After the football match, he’s got an important meeting. 在观看足球比赛后他有一个重要的会议要参加。 2. He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. .他没有致闭幕词就宣布会议结束。
3. In order to improve a certain kind of battery, Edison spent almost ten years and made nearly 50,000 experiments.
为了改善一种电池的性能，爱迪生花了差不多十年的时间，做了近50，000次实验。4. The tension in the middle east has attracted much attention of the world.中东的紧张局势已引起了全世界的关注。
Chapter Four 减词法
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? He is not well today, but he still comes to class. ? 他今天身体不好，但还是来上课了。
? He is a good friend that speaks good of us behind our back. ? 在背后说我们好话的人，才是一个
好的朋友。
? There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead. ? 天未下雨，但叶落草枯。
Chapter Five 正反译法
? 把正说处理成反说、把反说处理成正说的译法。
I.正译成反
? I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task. ? 我的确认为完成这项任务是他所力不能及的。
More examples:
? He was absent from his own country last year. ? 他去年不在自己的国家里。
?
Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you? ? 你知道他为什么老是不想见到你？ ? Her husband hates to see her stony face. ? 她丈夫不愿意见到她那张毫无表情的脸。 II. 反译成正
? No smoking! ? 禁止吸烟！
? We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. ? 我们要永远对生活抱乐观态度。 ? He returned home with no hope on his face. ? 他满脸灰心绝望地回到家。
Chapter Five Repetition
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. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. ?读书使人充实， 讨论（使人）机智， 写作（使人）准确。
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