目录
中文摘要 .............................................................. 1 英文摘要 .............................................................. 2 1 引言 ............................................................... 3
1.1 课题研究的意义 ................................................. 3 1.2 机械化移栽目前存在的主要问题 ................................... 3
1.2.1 移栽前应考虑的因素 ....................................... 3 1.2.2 移栽过程中的注意事项 ..................................... 4 1.2.3 移栽后的养护管理 ......................................... 5
2 总体方案 ........................................................... 7 2.1 设计要求 ....................................................... 7 2.2 方案一 ......................................................... 7 2.3 方案二 ......................................................... 8 2.3 方案三 ........................................................ 10 2.4 总体方案确定 .................................................. 12 3 树木移栽机总体设计 ................................................ 13
3.1 树木移栽机的构造 .............................................. 13 3.2 工作过程 ...................................................... 16 3.3 挖树机构设计 .................................................. 17
3.3.1 工作铲 .................................................. 17 3.3.1 锹铲的设计 .............................................. 18 3.4 锹铲式挖树机构的导轨和导轨支架 ................................ 24 3.5 液压系统的设计 ................................................ 26 3.6 液压悬挂装置 .................................................. 31 技术经济性分析 ....................................................... 34 结论 ................................................................. 35 谢辞 ................................................................. 36 参考文献 ............................................................. 37
树木移栽机
摘 要：本设计的树木移栽机，用于挖掘直径在8-10cm的较小树木，挖掘土球直径
为50cm，土球高度为40cm。
结构设计主要有：机架、铲刀、导轨、液压缸、升降机构的设计。
1. 机架：包括一固定机架和两个活动机架，两活动机架分别通过两垂 直转轴从两侧与固定机架铰接，相邻固定机架和活动机架分别与开闭油缸的缸体和活塞轴连接。
2.铲刀：本设计为菱形铲，共有三个铲刀，分别用螺栓连接在固定导轨上；三个铲刀表面有一定光滑度，经过淬火处理，有一定的硬度和韧性。
3.导轨：本设计中的导轨为滚动轴承导轨，固定内圈，外圈可转动。4.液压缸：本设计总共设计了三组液压缸，包括开合液压缸，铲土液 压缸和升降液压缸，分别实现开合、下铲和升降的功能。
5.升降机构：本设计设计的升降机构通过一个导向导轨和两个平行放 置的液压缸实现主体结构提升和下降的功能。
本设计结构简单、操作简便、机动灵活、作业效率高。
关键词：树木移栽机 铲刀 三点悬挂机构 液压
- 1 -
Tree transplanter
Abstract: The design of the tree transplanter is used for digging the smaller trees of
8-10cm,and digging the hole of 50cm in diameter and in the height of 40cm.
Structure design are: rack, blade, guide rail, hydraulic cylindersand elevator
design.
1. Rack: includes a fixed rack and the two activities, the two activities connect with the fixed rack respectively through two vertical rack shaft from both sides of the hinge. And the two activities connect with the opening and closing cylinder through the piston shaft.
2. Blade: The design is called the diamond blade and there are three blades, bolted in a fixed rail respectively; Three blades have smooth surface and a certain hardness and toughness after quenching.
3. Rail: The design of the rail track is called the rolling bearing. It fixes the inner ring and outer ring can be rotated.
4. Hydraulic cylinder: the design have three groups of hydraulic cylinders, including the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder, digging hydraulic cylinder and lift hydraulic cylinder. They achieve the opening and closing the next shovel and lift functions respectively.
5. Lifting mechanism: The design of the lifting body have a guide rail and two hydraulic cylinders placed parallel to the main structure to achieve improvement and decline in function.
The design have simple structure, easy operation, flexible, high efficiency.
Keywords：tree transplanter blade Hand organization form with three points
hydraulic pressure
- 2 -