山东科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）
摘 要
沟谷网络的提取是GIS水文分析的主要内容，对于沟谷网络的空间信息提取与专题特征分析是水文分析和沟谷网络形态特征研究的主要内容。DEM是目前主要的空间数据类型，也是进行地形、水文等专题空间分析的主要数据源。基于DEM数据进行沟谷网络的提取与分析是目前的一个研究热点；然而，由于地形地貌的复杂性与区域性特征、DEM数据的多尺度、综合性特征的原因，基于DEM进行沟谷网络的提取和分析亟待进行深入的特征分析与探讨。
在论文中，首先获取了不同区域DEM数据，根据论文研究的需要，完成了DEM数据的格式、投影转换等预处理操作；运用GIS的追踪分析、水文分析方法，完成了基于DEM的沟谷网络空间数据计算，同时计算获取了不同空间区域的水文属性信息；基于获取的不同空间区域的水文信息，运用空间统计和数理统计方法，分析了不同地貌区的沟谷网络结构与水文特征。
论文采用的研究方法和取得的研究成果是GIS空间分析方法应用于沟谷特征研究的重要实践，具有重要的理论研究意义和实际应用价值。
关键词：DEM；沟谷分级；水文分析；汇流累积量.
I
山东科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）
ABSTRACT
Valley network extraction is the main content of GIS hydrological analysis. The main contents of the hydrological analysis is to extract the valley networks and thematic characteristics of spatial information analysis. DEM is one of the main spatial data currently. Also, it is the main data source of the topographical, hydrological and other topics spatial analysis. Currently, DEM data extraction and analysis of valley networks is a hot research topic. However, because of the complexity of the topography, the integrated of DEM data, resulting in many problems that DEM data used to solve the problem of valley in the features. In the paper, first get the different regions of the DEM data. According to the needs of thesis, completed the DEM data format conversion preprocessing operations projection. Using tracking analysis and hydrological analysis of GIS, to solve the problem of coordinate conversion on DEM data. While computing the hydrological properties of the different space area information. Based on different space area of hydrological information, using mathematical statistics method, analyzed the network structure and hydrological characteristics of different landscape areas in valleys.
Paper use the research methods and research results is the gulch features of GIS space analysis method is applied to study the important practice, has an important significance in theory research and practical application value.
Key Words：DEM; Valley classification; Hydrological analysis; Flow
accumulation.
II
山东科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）
目 录
摘 要 ..................................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... II 目 录 .................................................................................................................................... 3 1 引言 .................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 基本概念 ................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 研究目的及意义 ..................................................................................................... 5 1.3 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 6 1.4 研究的主要内容 ..................................................................................................... 7 1.5 研究采取的主要方法及路线 ................................................................................. 7 2 研究基础 .......................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 沟谷网络分级及相关知识 ................................................................................... 10 2.2 实验区域及数据简介 ........................................................................................... 11 2.3 软件简介 ............................................................................................................... 12 3 基于DEM的沟谷网络空间信息提取 ........................................................................... 14
3.1 实验数据的预处理 ............................................................................................... 14 3.2 水流方向提取 ....................................................................................................... 16 3.3 无洼地DEM生成 ................................................................................................ 18 3.4 汇流累计量与沟谷的计算 ................................................................................... 22 4 不同空间区域的沟谷网络特征分析 .............................................................................. 28
4.1 基于分级沟谷网络提取基本信息数据 ............................................................... 28 4.2 结果分析 ............................................................................................................... 29 5 结论和相关问题分析 ...................................................................................................... 35
5.1结论 ........................................................................................................................ 35 5.2 设计过程中主要问题及解决方案 ....................................................................... 35 参考文献 .............................................................................................................................. 37 致谢 ...................................................................................................................................... 39 附录 ...................................................................................................................................... 40
附录1：英文原文 ....................................................................................................... 41 附录2：中文译文 ....................................................................................................... 42
3