潜在失效模式及后果分析
POTENTIAL FAILURE MODE AND
EFFECTS ANALYSIS
（FMEA）
参考手册
概要 ············································································································· 1
概述 ······································································································· 1 什么是FMEA ··························································································· 1 手册格式 ································································································· 1 FMEA的实施 ··························································································· 2 跟踪 ······································································································· 4
设计FMEA ································································································ 7
简介 ············································································································· 9 顾客定义 ································································································· 9 小组努力 ································································································· 9
设计FMEA的开发 ·························································································· 10
1) FMEA编号 ······················································································ 13 2) 系统、子系统或零部的名称及编号 ························································ 13 3) 设计责任 ························································································· 13 4) 编制者 ···························································································· 13 5) 车型年/项目 ····················································································· 13 6) 关键日期 ························································································· 13 7) FMEA日期 ······················································································ 13 8) 核心小组 ························································································· 15 9) 项目/功能 ························································································ 15 10) 潜在失效模式 ··················································································· 15 11) 潜在失效的后果 ················································································ 17 12) 严重度（S） ···················································································· 17
推荐的DFMEA严重度评价准则 ··························································· 19 13) 级别 ······························································································· 19 14) 失效的潜在起因/机理 ········································································· 19 15) 频度（O） ······················································································· 21 推荐的DFMEA频度评价准则 ······························································ 23
16) 现行设计控制 ··················································································· 23 17) 探测度 ···························································································· 25
推荐的DFMEA探测度评价准则 ··························································· 27 18) 风险顺序数（RPN） ·········································································· 27 19) 建议的措施 ······················································································ 29 20) 建议的措施的责任 ············································································· 29 21) 采取的措施 ······················································································ 31 22）措施的结果 ······················································································ 31 跟踪措施 ······································································································· 31
过程FMEA ································································································· 33
简介 ··········································································································· 35 顾客的定义 ···························································································· 35 小组的努力 ···························································································· 35
过程FMEA的开发 ·························································································· 37
1) FMEA编号 ······················································································· 37 2) 项目 ································································································ 39 3) 过程责任 ·························································································· 39 4) 编制者 ····························································································· 39 5) 车型年/项目 ······················································································ 39 6) 关键日期 ·························································································· 39 7) FMEA日期 ······················································································· 39 8) 核心小组 ·························································································· 39 9) 过程功能/要求 ··················································································· 39 10) 潜在失效模式 ···················································································· 39 11) 潜在失效的后果 ················································································· 41 12) 严重度（O） ····················································································· 41 推荐的评价准则 ······················································································· 43 13) 级别 ································································································ 45 14) 失效的潜在起因/机理 ·········································································· 45 15) 频度（O） ························································································ 47 推荐的评价准则 ······················································································· 47 16) 现行过程控制 ···················································································· 49 17) 探测度（D） ····················································································· 51 推荐的评价准则 ······················································································· 53 18) 风险顺（RPN） ················································································· 53 19) 建议的措施 ······················································································· 55 20) 建议的措施的责任 ·············································································· 57 21) 采取的措施 ······················································································· 57 22) 措施的结果 ······················································································· 57 跟踪措施 ································································································ 57
附录
A 设计FMEA质量目标 ··········································································· 59 B 过程FMEA质量目标 ··········································································· 60 C 设计FMEA的框图示例 ········································································ 61 D设计FMEA的标准表格 （控制栏分1栏和2栏） ········································ 62 E设计FMEA示例 ···················································································· 64 F系统FMEA ··························································································· 65 G 过程FMEA的标准表格 （控制栏分1栏和2栏） ······································· 68 H 过程FMEA示例 ··················································································· 70 I 带有Ppk值的频度评价准则······································································ 71