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作中写了自己永远不会忘记的生活，以及介绍了他的主要作品．故目的是告诉我们关于格拉斯作为作家的早期生活的背景信息．故选D．
【点评】考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
18．（6分）Bees in a colony work with each other to gather food， and they try to find the most nectar （花蜜）in the least amount of time possible． A small number of bees work as searchers， but when a good flower patch （花丛） is found， how do they tell other bees where to find it？
Bees communicate flower location using special dances inside the hive， where bees live． One bee dances while the other bees watch． The dancing bee smells like the flower patch， and also gives the watching bees a taste of the nectar she has gathered． Smell and taste helps other bees find the correct flower patch． Bees use two different kinds of dances to communicate information： the waggle （摇摆） dance and the circle dance． Waggle dance
The waggle dance tells the watching bees two things about a flower patch's location： the distance and the direction away from the hive． A． Distance
The dancing bee waggles back and forth as she moves forward in a straight line， then circles around to repeat the dance． The length of the middle line， called the waggle run， shows roughly how far it is to the flower patch． B． Direction
Bees know which way is up and which way is down inside their hive， and they use this to show direction． How？ Bees dance with the waggle run at a specific angle away from straight up． Outside the hive， bees look at the position of the sun， and fly at the same angle away from the sun．
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Circle dance
The circle dance tells the watching bees only one thing about the flower patch's location： that it is somewhere close to the hive．
In this dance， the bee walks in a circle， turns around， then walks the same circle in the opposite direction． Sometimes， the bee includes a little waggle as she's turning around． The duration of this waggle is thought to indicate the quality of the flower patch．
（1）Why does the searcher give the watching bees a taste of the nectar？ D A． To inform them of the distance of the flower． B． To celebrate her success of finding the nectar． C． To motivate them to collect the nectar． D． To ensure the bees find the right patch．
（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE about the dances？ B A． The searcher's waggle means little during the circle dance． B． The waggle dance indicates the direction of the flower patch． C． The waggle dance shows precisely how far the flower patch is． D． The quality of the flower patch is not shown in the circle dance． （3）If the searcher dances inside the hive in this way（see the right picture）， which of the following is the WRONG flying direction for the other bees？ C
A．
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B．
C．
D．
【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读．
【分析】蜂群中的蜜蜂相互合作采集食物，他们尽量在最短的时间内找到最多的花蜜．一小部分蜜蜂充当搜寻者，但是当发现一个好的花斑时，他们怎么分辨呢？其他蜜蜂在哪里？它们是如何分工的？
【解答】1．D 细节理解题．根据第一段A small number of bees work as searchers， but when a good flower patch （花丛） is found， how do they tell other bees where to find it？一小部分蜜蜂充当搜寻者，但是当发现一个好的花斑时，他们怎么分辨呢？其他蜜蜂在哪里？可知是为了确保蜜蜂找到合适的花丛，故选D．
2．B 细节理解题．根据wage dace下面A．distance中 The length of the middle line， called the waggle run， shows roughly how far it is to the flower patch．中线的长度被称为\摇摆\，大致显示出它离花丛有多远，可知摇摆的舞蹈指示着花丛的方向．故选B．
3．C 细节理解题．根据最后三段可知蜜蜂是利用日光的位置来确定方向的，传递信息的
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蜜蜂是通过太阳、蜜源和蜂巢的位置来定位的．蜜蜂在跳舞时，头朝太阳的方向，表示应向太阳的方向寻找蜜蜂．若是头向下垂，背着太阳的方向，则表示蜜源与太阳的方向相反．如果蜜蜂的头部与太阳的方向偏左形成一定的角，表示蜜源在太阳的左侧有相应的夹角，如此往复旋转，方向准确无误．故选C
【点评】此类题型主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．细节理解题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，所以在做细节理解题时要结合原文和提干有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，再结合选项选出正确答案．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要联系上下文根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．在做主旨大意题时考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点，确定主旨
19．（8分）Earth's geologic ages﹣﹣﹣time periods defined by evidence in rock layers﹣﹣﹣﹣typically last more than three million years． We're barely 11，500 years into the current age ，the Holocene． But a new paper argues that we've already entered a new one﹣the Anthropocene， or \， age．
The name isn't brand﹣new． Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen， a co﹣author of the paper， coined it in 2002 to reflect the changes since the industrial revolution． The paper， however ， is part of new push to formalize the Anthropocene age．
Recent human impacts have been so great that they'll result in an obvious boundary （界限 ） in Earth's rock layer， the author's say． \are so skilled at using energy and exploiting the environment that we are now a defining force in the geological process on the surface of the Earth，\said co﹣author Jan Zala， a geologist with the University of Leicester in the UK． Even so， it could take years or even decades for the International Union of Geological Science to formalize the new age．
If the concept of the Anthropocene age is to be formalized ， scientists will first have to identify and define a boundary line ，or marker， that's set in stone． \﹣thousands of years in the future﹣﹣﹣geologist might come back and actually recognize in the deposit in the UK．\It's not as straightforward as you might think． The market has to be very precise，
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