T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years.
F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe.
F 3 Culture is a static entity 静态的 实体 while communication is a dynamic process.
T4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge ,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given 约定的 特定的 culture.
T5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations (over-generalization),it still contributes to a person’s cultural cognition.认识、认知
T 6 In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from cultural generalization.
T 7 Cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes. The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals. F 8 All people of the same nationality will have the same culture.
T 9 Although two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may not be the same.
F 10 One’s actions are totally independent of his or her culture.
II Comprehension Check
T_1、All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politeness is achieved may vary significantly.
T_2、Don’t take offence-getting the form of address ”wrong” is rarely intended to be offensive. T_3、Addressing forms like “Miss Mary”, ”Brown” by the Chinese may be a form of cultural compromise.
T_4.Ranks in the armed forces like Captain, Colonel can be used as titles. F_5.Westerners can understand what Uncle policeman or P.L.A. Uncle means. F_6.We can address Jason Douglas, who is a lawyer, as Lawyer Douglas. F_7.Chinese hospitality toward the westerners is always greatly appreciated. F_8.The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners.
F_9.”Thank you for coming!” is a typical expression used by Western hosts when the guests just arrived.
T_10.”I’m sorry to have wasted your time” or “I’m sorry to have taken up so much of your time” are usually appropriate for the business visit.
III Comprehension Check
T 1.sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty may be considered as fishing for compliments. T2.The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same.
T 3.In informal situations, a large number of compliments are used to make people feel comfortable.
F 4.The cultural assumption of compliments is the same between cultures.
T 5.Adjectives and verbs are often used to convey compliment message in English, while adjectives, adverbs and verbs are often used in Chinese.
F6. English compliments often begin with the word “you” while Chinese compliments often start with the word “I”.
F7. Chinese people give more compliments in daily life than Americans. F8. Americans tends to be self-effacing in their compliments responses.
F9. Compliments on other’s belongings are sometimes an indirect way of request in American culture.
T10. If a guest compliments something in another person’s home, the Chinese host or hostess will probably give that thing to the guest.
IV Comprehension Check
F 1Verbal communication is more important than nonverbal communication. F 2 “Dragon” means the same to the Westerner as “龙” to the Chinese. F 3The Chinese phrase “知识分子” has the same meaning as “intellectual”. T 4A term in one language may not have a counterpart in another language.
F 5 In referring to animals and birds, the Chinese practice is generally, but not always ,to use “公” or “母” to show whether a creature is male or female. This is the same with the English language. T 6 The following six English word: “vice”, “associate”, “assistant”, “deputy”, “lieutenant” and “under” can all mean “副” in Chinese language.
F 7 There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs. T 8 Violating a cultural taboo is as serious as violating a verbal taboo, T 9Patterns of thought varies with culture.
T 10 Particular thought patterns predominate in each culture, e.g. American culture is predominantly factual-inductive, Russian culture is predominantly axiomatic-deductive, and Arab cultures are predominately intuitive-affective.
V Comprehension Check
T1Speaking is just one mode of communication. There are many others.
F2FSome researchers assert that in face-to-face communication, about 70%of information is communicated through speaking, and over 30% sis sent by nonverbal means. T3 Environment is one of the five study areas that nonverbal communication covers.
T4 Much of our nonverbal behavior, like culture, tends to elusive, spontaneous and frequently goes beyond our awareness.
F5 Latin American, African, Arab and most Asian cultures are M-Time cultures. T6 Arab belongs to tough cultures.
T7 In some cultures, eye contact should be avoided in order to show respect or obedience. T8 the appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures. F9 Western women usually like Chinese to touch their bodies or small children.
F10 Seating arrangements reflect culture. Chinese people tend to talk with those opposite them
rather than those seated or standing beside them.
VI Comprehension Check
F1.Gender is the cultural meaning of “sex”. F2.Sex and gender are synonymous.同义的
T3.A lady might be feminine, masculine or a combination of both.
T4.Women are generally comfortable with building close relationships and confiding to others, while most men are reserved about involvement and disclosure.
F5.Most men use communication to create connection or equality between people. F6.Women usually use communication to establish status and power.
T7.In feminine culture, communication is a way—probably the primary way—to express and expand closeness.
T8.Masculine socialization stresses doing things and regards action as primary ways to create and express closeness.
T9.The first and last principal for effective cross-gender communication is suspending judgment. T10.It is difficult but possible to seek translation cues that will facilitate our communication.
ⅦComprehension Check
T1.The most common problems in cross-cultural negotiations concern (1) rules for conducting business, (2) the selection of negotiators, and (3) methods of decision-making.
T2.The Japanese believe that socializing is integral to the negotiation process while the Americans do not think so.
F3.American negotiation team members are usually selected on the basis of their social and professional status.
F4.Like Japanese and Chinese negotiators, a detailed written agreement is not central to the negotiation process in the Middle East, Mexico and France.
T5.The British employ a negotiating style similar to that of Americans, but more silence is utilized and they are less egalitarian.
T6.Germans prefer clear, firm, and assertire expression while the Japanese encourage convert, fragmented expression.
T7.Mexican negotiators prefer the deductive approach. More emphasis is placed on contemplation and intuition.
F8.The Brazilians do not openly disagree during formal negotiations; they would consider this insulting and embarrassing.
T9.Creating a comfortable climate and spending time on the exploratory phase of negotiations are crucial in Middle East and Brazil.
F10.Women are frequent participants on a Japanese negotiation team.